endozoochory is one of the seed dispersal modes through animal’s digestive systems transmission and the increases rate germination and plant establishment. the aim of this study, investigated the relationship between seed characteristics and the passage through the digestive tract of livestock and domestic animals (cattle, sheep and goats) in the 7 species perennial grass 8 species perennial fo...

Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advances in the neuroscience of emotion, learning and memory, and in animal models for understanding depression and anxiety. This review focuses on new rationally designed psychiatric treatments derived from preclinical human and animal studies. Nonpharmacological treatments that affect disrupted emotion circuits include vagal nerve stimulation, rapid tr...

There is a medical need to develop new treatments for patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD). To improve the discovery and testing of novel treatments, relevant animal models for AD are needed. Generally, these animal models mimic different aspects of the pathophysiology of human AD, such as skin barrier defects and Th2 immune bias with additional Th1 and Th22, and in some populations T...

In periodontal research, animal studies are complementary to in vitro experiments prior to testing new treatments. Animal models should make possible the validation of hypotheses and prove the safety and efficacy of new regenerating approaches using biomaterials, growth factors or stem cells. A review of the literature was carried out by using electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Science). ...

GM2 gangliosidosis, a subset of lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by a deficiency of the glycohydrolase, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, and includes the closely related Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. The enzyme deficiency prevents the normal, stepwise degradation of ganglioside, which accumulates unchecked within the cellular lysosome, particularly in neurons. As a result, individuals with GM...

AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of cue-exposure addiction treatment and review modern animal learning research to generate recommendations for substantially enhancing the effectiveness of this treatment. DESIGN Meta-analysis of cue-exposure addiction treatment outcome studies (N=9), review of animal extinction research and theory, and evaluation of whether major principles from this literature ...

Animal models are developed to test hypotheses about causes of disease, and potential treatments. With genetic, molecular, imaging and electrophysiological studies being supported by animal models, autism research has been flourishing in recent years. On different aspects of autism research, a significant number of reviews have been published. Several of them treated animal models to help curre...

in order to study the effects of different levels of animal manure and bulb weights on growth criteria, yield components, seed yield and essential oil yield of caraway, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agricultural research station, ferdowsi university of mashhad, during two growing seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-...

Gastrointestinal nematodes are becoming increasingly resistant to the commercial products used to control them. The cost of routine vermifuge applications on herds and the problem of residues in animal products and the environment have prompted research on the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. This work examines the anthelmintic action of neem and the homeopathic product Fator Vermes in ...