conclusions chronic hepatitis c-related liver diseases impose a substantial economic burden on patients, families and the society. the current study provides useful information on cost of treatment and work loss for different disease states, which can be further used in cost-effectiveness evaluations. results the total annual cost per patient for chronic hepatitis c, cirrhosis and hepatocellula...

BACKGROUND Lower-income countries face severe health worker shortages. Recent evidence suggests that this problem can be mitigated by task-shifting--delegation of aspects of health care to less specialized health workers. We estimated the potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and physician supply in Uganda. The study was performed at the Infectious Diseases ...

banking and financial services are important parts of the service industry. quality of service in the banking industry has a close relationship with customer satisfaction service system. banks could create competitive advantage by increasing customer satisfaction and reduce costs in today's competitive environment. this paper presents a decision-making model to obtain optimum tasks assigne...

We propose a new approach to the pricing and hedging of contingent claims under transaction costs in a general incomplete market in discrete time. Under the assumptions of a bounded mean-variance tradeoff, substantial risk and a nondegeneracy condition on the conditional variances of asset returns, we prove the existence of a locally risk-minimizing strategy inclusive of transaction costs for e...

OBJECTIVES Significant Army resources are utilized to identify nonimmune recruits for targeted vaccinations against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, rubella, and varicella. Therefore, a cost-minimization analysis between the Accession Screening and Immunization Program (ASIP) and the previously utilized universal vaccination program will assist military public health policy makers in decision...

predicting the maintenance and management costs and replacement age of tractors in agricultural mechanized units, is important from several points. so, doing a timely agricultural operations, more accurate measure of the amount of income  including the cost of these items , determining the useful life of old tractors , replacement age, cost of the process changes and the possibility of examinin...

In the increasingly competitive world today, it has become an inevitable necessity for labor-intensive garment companies to use their employees effectively in order maintain profitability and ensure continuity. Thus, aim is that production process of desired time quality while optimizing labor costs, which constitute a large part total costs. recent years, dynamic programming been used widely o...