The purpose of this paper is to report the variance in institutional review board (IRB) reviews as part of the implementation of a multisite, quality improvement study through the Improvement Science Research Network (ISRN) and recommend strategies successful in procuring timely IRB approval. Using correspondence documents as data sources, the level of review was identified and time to submissi...

The creation and delivery of power is one basic infrastructure expected by all modern industrial societies. Power distribution basics started in the US in the early 1900s when the first AC grid was established. Since 12 independent power grids were completed in the lower 48 states in the mid-1950s, reliability has been a customer concern. Parts of these earlier grids have been updated, and four...

Linac accelerators based on independently phased resonators require precise phase shifters to setup the reference phase of each cavity with respect to the master oscillator. In a linac like ALPI, that has more than 80 resonators in operation (including those of the new PIAVE injector), the cost of such phase shifters represents a significant fraction of the cost of the overall RF control system...