Ankle sprain injuries are the most common injury sustained during sporting activities. Three-quarters of ankle injuries involve the lateral ligamentous complex, comprised of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). The most common mechanism of injury in lateral ankle sprains occurs with forced plantar flexion an...

Context: It has been suggested that contrast-bath therapy alters sensation and enables patients to return to exercise more quickly. Objective: To determine whether contrast-bath therapy alters sensation of pressure in the ankle. Design: A 2 4 4 factorial design with repeated measures on 2 factors. Independent variables included gender, time (preapplication and 1, 6, and 11 min postapplication),...

BACKGROUND To develop a classification of ATFL injury based on the ultrasonography. METHODS The ultrasound images of 560 cases that had chronic ankle instability were studied from May 2012 to May 2015. All the patients accepted ultrasonography to type the ATFL injury. RESULTS The ATFL injuries could be divided into six subtypes based on ultrasound imaging: I: Intact ligament; II: Injury at ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the anatomical and morphological characteristics and the maximum elongation of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) in cadavers. In a sample of 72 cadaveric lower limbs the mean values of length, width, thickness, and angle with the sagittal plane were recorded for the CFL. The mean ligament's length was 31.8 mm, and the mean width and thickness wer...

BACKGROUND Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is considered as the weakest ankle ligament that is most prone to injuries. Ultrasound imaging with its portable, non-invasive and non-ionizing radiation nature is increasingly being used for ATFL diagnosis. However, diagnosis of ATFL injuries requires its segmentation from ultrasound images that is a challenging task due to the existence of homog...

The Lauge-Hansen (LH) classification attempts to predict patterns of ankle injuries based upon the preceding mechanism of injury. Although it is widely used in clinical practice, it has been criticized mainly due to numerous reports of cases conflicting the prediction system. Here, we report a case of a 32-year-old male who sustained a Weber B fracture of the lateral malleolus following a supin...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern and types of sensory nerve endings in ankle collateral ligaments using histological techniques, in order to observe the morphology and distribution of mechanoreceptors in the collateral ligaments of cadaver ankle joint, and to provide the morphological evidence for the role of the ligament in joint sensory function. METHODS Twelve la...