The main vector of Brugia malayi in the small endemic focus on Hachijo-koshima Island was determined to be Ochlerotatus togoi (as Aedes togoi) [1]. As to Wuchereria bancrofti, many species of mosquitoes were experimentally examined for susceptibility in the laboratory as by Mochizuki in 1911 and 1913 [2, 3], Yamada in 1927 [4], Fujisaki in 1958 and 1959 [5, 6], and Omori in 1962 [7]. The result...

H malaria is widely endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where ca. 1.5 billion people are at risk, ca. 500 million clinical cases occur, and 1–3 million deaths, mostly of children, are due wholly or in part to the disease (see, e.g., http: www.malaria.org ). All of the species of Plasmodium that infect humans and cause malaria are transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anop...

Significant variations in vector biology within and between countries have been reported in malaria epidemiological studies1. It is now generally agreed that a clear understanding of the detailed epidemiology of the disease is a pre-requisite to effective malaria control in the African sub-region2. Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most efficient vectors of Plasmodium...

Feeding behaviour of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) was monitored for 12 months (March 2003-February 2004) in the Konso District of southern Ethiopia (5 degrees 15'N, 37 degrees 28'E). More than 45 000 An. arabiensis females were collected by host-baited sampling methods (light-traps, human landing catches, cattle-baited traps) and from resting sites (huts a...

Malaria vector Anopheles and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) were monitored for 12 months during 1994-95 in villages of Lower Moshi irrigation area (37 degrees 20' E, 3 degrees 21' S; approximately 700 m a.s.l.) south of Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. Adult mosquito populations were sampled fortnightly by five methods: human bait collection indoors (18.00-06.00 hours) and outdoor...

76 www.thelancet.com/infection Vol 9 February 2009 Nicole Léger and Jérôme Depaquit emphasise “the importance of preventing an extension of this anthroponotic species in Europe”, a point also stressed by Dujardin et al, since leishmaniasis is not placed under public health surveillance in Europe. We certainly agree with the authors that the indigenous transmission of Leishmania donovani to Cypr...

M alaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (‘‘malignant malaria’’) is one of the most devastating pathogens of humans (1). Plasmodium reichenowi, which infects chimpanzees and gorillas, is the closest relative of P. falciparum (2). In early 20th-century experiments (never to be replicated), blood from P. reichenowi-infected chimpanzees was injected into humans, but failed to produce infections (3...