~ S national economies have become increasingly inter-related, national governments have broadened their efforts to coordinate trade-related policies. For years GATT negotiators concentrated on tariff reduction and trade liberalisation. The recently completed Uruguay Round negotiations included a number of agreements in previously uncharted waters (e.g., agreements on government procurement, tr...

The article discusses natural resource underpricing in multilateral subsidy rules’ negotiations. It starts from the U.S. experiences to consider foreign practices under its underdeveloped rules. United States then brought domestic concern Uruguay Round establishing World Trade Organization; however, conflicts had been shown between industrialist countries and resource-endowed ones regarding way...

Since price discrimination and selling below cost arise in the normal course of business and are usually legal for domestic firms, countering these practices by foreign firms provides a very weak rationale for antidumping duties. If antidumping duties were to provide a systematic defense against predation by foreign firms, however, a strong “fair-trade” justification would remain. This paper ad...