Background & Aim: Iran with about 8000 plant species and 1728 endemic species; is one of the most important sources of medicinal plants. Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is one of the endemic plants in Iran. It grows in regions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Gorgan, Mazandaran, Hamedan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Tehran, Fars and the northern heights of Semna...

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Spasmodic dysphonia is a primary focal dystonia characterized by involuntary spasms in the laryngeal muscles during speech production. The pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia is thought to involve structural and functional abnormalities in the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuitry; however, neurochemical correlates underpinning these abnormalities as well as their relations to spasmodic d...

Background and objectives: The species of Cymbopogon are generally used as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, and anti-spasmodic agents, as well as in cold treatment.Due to the presence of piperitone in Cymbopogon schoenanthus, we were prompted to evaluate were prompted to assess the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of its essential O...

Dystonia seems distinct from other tremulous disorders such as Parkinson’s disease in that improvement after deep brain stimulation frequently appears in a delayed and progressive manner. The rate of this improvement and the point at which no further progress can be expected are presently unknown. Knowledge of these parameters is important in the provision of accurate and relevant prognostic in...

In 26 patients with spasmodic torticollis followed up for a median period of 12 years, the frequency of sustained remission was 23%, the median duration of remission was 8 years and duration of torticollis before remission 3 years. These results are more favourable than stated in the literature and should be taken into consideration before recommending surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVES To characterise the pattern of and risk factors for degenerative changes of the cervical spine in patients with spasmodic torticollis and to assess whether these changes affect outcome after selective peripheral denervation. METHODS Preoperative CT of the upper cervical spine of 34 patients with spasmodic torticollis referred for surgery were reviewed by two radiologists blinded to...

rhizomes of Curcuma longa is a yellow colored polyphenolic phytochemical which has been in use for a long time for the treatment of swelling, twisting and wounds. The Indian system of medicine uses curcumin, present in its raw form in the plant extract, as a wound healer and inhibitor of swelling. As a pure compound also, it has been found to possess antitumor, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory...