familial hypercholesterolemia (fh) is a hereditary dislipidemia. patients present with extremely high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c), which is due to mutation in the gene of ldl receptor. homozygous patients (hofh) whose incidence is 1 in 1.000.000 are at high risk of premature aortic valve stenosis, and coronary artery atherosclerosis. in homozygous individuals cardiovasc...

Aortic valve stenosis constitutes 3-6% of congenital heart diseases with an incidence of 1-4 per 10,000 live births (Khalid et al, 2006). The prevalence of aortic stenosis at birth is 0.03% (Mahle et al, 2010). If left untreated, it can lead to considerable morbidity and mortality in neonates, infants, children and adults. Until three decades ago, the only treatment that could be offered to chi...

Aortic Valve Disease, includes a range of disorder severity from mild leaflet thickening without valve obstruction, "aortic sclerosis", to severe calcified aortic stenosis. It is a slowly progressive active process of valve modification similar atherosclerosis for cardiovascular risk factors, lipoprotein deposition, chronic inflammation, and calcification. Systemic signs of inflammation, as wal...

The abnormalities of aortic valve morphology and function represent the most common cardiac-valve lesion particularly in elderly. The etiology of aortic stenosis is degenerative-calcific in the majority of patients. Many risk factors seems to be linked to the calcification and the stenosis of the aortic valve but they must be confirmed. In this review the etiology and the possible physiopatholo...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether QT dispersion is a reliable index of the severity of aortic stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy in the setting of aortic stenosis. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of the results of echocardiography and electrocardiography before and after aortic valve replacement. SETTING Tertiary centre. PATIENTS 36 men (30 white and six black) with symptomatic aort...

Forty-one patients in whom the diagnosis of a non-stenotic bicuspid aortic valve had been established by noninvasive techniques were followed up for a mean of 10.9 years. During this period, 2 patients required aortic valve replacement because of the development of calcific aortic valve stenosis at the ages of 52 and 64 and 5 others developed evidence of mild aortic valve stenosis. The appearan...

This review examines the treatment options for women with severe aortic stenosis. It is known that female sex is associated with poorer outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement. With the introduction and adoption of transcatheter aortic valve replacement as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement, there are emerging data about the potential impact of female sex-specific char...

BACKGROUND There are no rigorously confirmed effective medical therapies for calcific aortic stenosis. Hypercholesterolemic Ldlr (-/-) Apob (100/100) mice develop calcific aortic stenosis and valvular cardiomyopathy in old age. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) modulates calcification in bone and blood vessels, but its effect on valve calcification and valve function is not known. OBJECTIVES To determine...

Degenerative aortic valve stenosis includes a range of disorder severity from mild leaflet thickening without valve obstruction, "aortic sclerosis", to severe calcified aortic stenosis. It is a slowly progressive active process of valve modification similar to atherosclerosis for cardiovascular risk factors, lipoprotein deposition, chronic inflammation, and calcification. Systemic signs of infl...

Echocardiographic analysis of the movement of the posterior mitral valve leaflet in 60 patients with lone mitral stenosis, 35 patients with aortic stenosis, and 18 patients with aortic and mitral stenosis showed a spectrum of initial posterior mitral valve leaflet movement in early diastole. The classical anterior movement was seen in 36 out of 60 patients with mitral stenosis (60%), and 8 out ...