Abstract: Although advances in science and technology has many benefits for human life, but it has significant disadvantages, too. The radioactive materials, nuclear energy and their use for non-human issues, hazardous wastes from various industries etc. are the major factors that can be serious threats to human health and modern fetuses’ health who are the next generation of earth habitants. I...

The Rotterdam Rules, among the international maritime transport conventions, was the first one that assigned one chapter to the obligations and liabilities of the shipper, and invented the new concept of documentary shipper. Since the concept of documentary shipper is invented for the first time in the Rotterdam Rules, in this paper, has been raised the legal status of the documentary shipper a...

The relationship between “rights” and “obligations” is one of an inseparable nature. In the same way that “human rights” are perceived as being distinct from “citizenship rights”, “duties” and “obligations” of individuals as human beings are distinguishable from their obligations as citizens. The present paper presupposes the ties between rights and obligations to apply to any individual and “s...