We present a case of medullary sclerosis of the appendicular skeleton in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency for whom MR imaging findings were characteristic. T1- and T2-weighted MR images showed multiple vertical lines (medullary streaks) of low signal intensity in the metaphyses and diaphyses of the distal femur and proximal tibia.

Estimating patient survival has hitherto been the main focus when treating metastatic bone disease (MBD) in the appendicular skeleton. This has been done in an attempt to allocate the patient to a surgical procedure that outlives them. No questions have been addressed as to whether the extent of the surgery and thus the surgical trauma reduces survival in this patient group. We wanted to evalua...

Fish larvae experience many environmental challenges during development such as variation in water velocity, food availability and predation. The rapid development of structures involved in feeding, respiration and swimming increases the chance of survival. It has been hypothesized that mechanical loading induced by muscle forces plays a role in prioritizing the development of these structures....

IIntroduction I-1. Developmental genes in Drosophila I-2. Skeletal development in human IIDevelopment of the axial skeleton II-1. Signaling molecules involved in the determination of sclerotome to cartilage II2. Role of Hox genes in the regulation of vertebral segments IIIDevelopment of the limbs (appendicular skeleton) III-1. Limb bud differentiation with respect to three axes III-2. Role of F...

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been introduced with the NewTom 9000 (NIM s.r.l., Verona, Italy) in preoperative dental imaging and gained increasingly acceptance. The Siremobil Iso-C3D (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany), a mobile C-arm image amplifier for 3D imaging, is also based on CBCT. It was primarily developed for intraoperative application involving the axial and ap...

Brachiosauridae is a clade of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs that includes the well-known Late Jurassic taxa Brachiosaurus and Giraffatitan. However, there is disagreement over the brachiosaurid affinities of most other taxa, and little consensus regarding the clade's composition or inter-relationships. An unnamed partial sauropod skeleton was collected from middle-late Oxfordian (early Lat...

Canine and human osteosarcoma (OSA) have many similarities, with the majority of reported cases occurring in the appendicular skeleton, gender predominance noted, high rate of metastasis at the time of presentation, and a lack of known etiology for this devastating disease. Due to poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OSA, we have characterized seven different OSA canine cel...

Osteochondral lesions most commonly occur about the knee but may affect any articular surface of the pediatric appendicular skeleton. Osteochondral lesions include osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondral fractures, and osteochondral abnormalities associated with secondary processes such as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. These abnormalities should not be confused with normal subchondral irregulari...