Concepts have been expressed mathematically as propositions in a distributive lattice. A more comprehensive formulation is that of a generalized lattice, or category, in which the concepts are related in hierarchical fashion by lattice-like links called concept morphisms. A concept morphism describes how a more abstract concept is used within a more specialized concept, as the color ”red” is us...

One of the compelling reasons for developing the Information Power Grid (IPG) is to provide a platform for more rapid development and execution of simulations and other resource-intensive applications. However, the IPG will ultimately not be successful unless users and application developers can achieve execution performance for their codes. In this paper , we describe a performance-eecient app...

Presuppositions are very important in our understanding of how background and context determine the interpretation of a sentence. However, if we study some of the things that have been claimed to be presuppositions, we find that it is a very miscellaneous collection of things. Here are some examples: (1) Harry saw the man kiss her presupposes that Harry and the man denote uniquely existing, for...

The effect of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in combination with phytic acid (PA) on blue mold decay and patulin contamination of apples was investigated. Results from this study show that different concentrations of PA were effective in reducing the disease incidence of apples and that PA at concentration of 4 μmol/mL, decreased the incidence of blue mold decay in apples from 86.1 to 62.5%, and show...

Quantitative descriptions of the frequency and extent of contamination of apple cider with pathogenic bacteria were obtained using literature data and computer simulation. Probability distributions were chosen to describe the risk of apple contamination by each suspected pathway. Tree-picked apples may be contaminated by birds infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7 when orchards were located ne...

In this study, the biospeckle technique was evaluated for monitoring of apple bull's eye rot development and product quality in general, during storage under various conditions and during subsequent shelf life. This non-destructive optical method is based on the analysis of laser light variations scattered from the sample. Apples of the cultivars 'Pinova' and 'Topaz', susceptible to bull's eye ...

Fresh and combined methods processed Cantaloupe melons, mangoes and cashew apples were submitted to consumers’ acceptance and scored on a nine-point hedonic scale. Fruits were osmotically treated in sucrose syrup with two different concentrations of SO2. Overall acceptance, appearance, aroma, flavor and texture were evaluated. Fresh cashew apples received lower scores for acceptance than proces...

Spores of Penicillium expansum, the primary organism responsible for the occurrence of patulin in apple juice, were exposed to electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water in an aqueous suspension and on wounded apples. Full-strength and 50% EO water decreased viable spore populations by greater than 4 and 2 log units, respectively. Although EO water did not prevent lesion formation on fruit previously in...

At first glance, some papers seemed to have addressedthe important topic of a real comparison of apples and oranges. Table 3 reveals the truth. This article, certain to become the classic in the field, clearly demonstrates that apples and oranges are not only comparable; indeed they are quite similar. The admonition “Let’s not compare apples with oranges” should be replaced immediately with a m...