Several issues relating to oppositely directed phase velocity and power flow are reviewed. A necessary condition for the occurrence of this phenomenon in isotropic dielectric–magnetic mediums is presented. Ramifications for aberration–free lenses, homogenization approaches, and complex mediums are discussed.

This article offers an account of embodied exchange with the world that associates conscious operations with actively inferring the causes of our sensations. Its agenda is to link formal (mathematical) descriptions of dynamical systems to a description of perception in terms of beliefs and goals. The argument has two parts: the first calls on the lawful dynamics of any (weakly mixing ergodic) s...

Manganese plays a key role in the health of human beings therefore, its determination is very important in medical fields. In this regards, a novel coated graphite electrode was constructed for determination of manganese (II) by using zolpidem as an ionophore, for the first time. The best performance was obtained of the membrane composition of PVC (32%), Potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) bora...

CONTEXT Investigating the information reported by mediums is ultimately important in determining the relationship between brain and consciousness in addition to being of deep concern to the public. OBJECTIVE This triple-blind study was designed to examine the anomalous reception of information about deceased individuals by research mediums under experimental conditions that eliminate conventi...

High rate of fetal mortality in ruminant somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) pregnancies is due, at least in part, to immune-mediated abortion of fetuses. In the present study, goat uterine leukocytes were isolated by Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) coated magnetic beads, and with majority being were CD56+CD16- in phenotype with low levels of perforin and Granzyme B expression. The response...