The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, and the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Ailanthus excelsa, a plant used in Egyptian traditional medicine. Chromatographic separation of a methanol extract of A. excelsa leaves yielded four flavones, namely apigenin (1), apigenin 7-O-beta-glucoside (2), luteolin (3), and luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside (4), and seven fl...

BACKGROUND The Araucaria Forest is associated with the Atlantic Forest domain and is a typical ecosystem of southern Brazil. The expansion of Araucaria angustifolia had a human influence in southern Brazil, where historically hunter-gatherer communities used the pinhão, araucaria's seed, as a food source. In the north of the state of Santa Catarina, the Araucaria Forest is a mosaic composed of ...

The Araucariaceae is an iconic tree family. Once globally important, the Araucariaceae declined dramatically over the Cenozoic period. Increasing aridity is thought to be responsible for extinction and range contraction of Araucariaceae in Australia, yet little is known about how these trees respond to water stress. We examined the response to water stress of the recently discovered tree Wollem...

objective(s) the cytotoxic effects of crude ethanol extracts of some previously tested iranian conifers  on tumor cell lines have motivated us to screen different parts of two subspecies in these genus. materials and methods terminal branchlets and berries of juniperus excelsa subsp. excelsa and j. excelsa subsp. polycarpos were collected, dried and extracted with ethanol/h2o (80/20 v/v) via pe...

Araucaria excelsa L. of Araucariaceae family is a beautiful conifer which has a high economic importance in the flower industry. A factorial experiment based on randomized completely block design with two factors: 1. Irrigation intervals in 2, 4 and 6 days (I1, I2 and I3) and 2. The growth bed in pots 3 L included M1 (100 % v/v cocopeat), M2 (100%  municipal waste compost), M3 (100 % vermicompo...

Argumentation theory involves the analysis of naturally occurring argument, and one key tool employed to this end both in the academic community and in teaching critical thinking skills to undergraduates is argument diagramming. By identifying the structure of an argument in terms of its constituents and the relationships between them, it becomes easier to critically evaluate each part of an ar...

This paper analyzes the phenomenon of a shift of the burden of proof in persuasion dialogues in which arguments are constructed according to argumentation schemes. Some sample dialogues are analyzed with arguments from expert opinion, revealing that some critical questions of this scheme carry with them a burden of proof on the questioner while others do not, and that the burden of proof can be...

Objective(s) The cytotoxic effects of crude ethanol extracts of some previously tested Iranian conifers  on tumor cell lines have motivated us to screen different parts of two subspecies in these genus. Materials and Methods Terminal branchlets and berries of Juniperus excelsa subsp. excelsa and J. excelsa subsp. polycarpos were collected, dried and extracted with ethanol/H2O (80/20 v/v) via pe...

The southern Brazilian highland plateau is a mosaic of two contrasting plant communities, Araucaria forests and grasslands, both differing in the relative abundances and spatial patterns of soil nitrate and ammonium. However, we still do not know the inorganic N preferences of one key species in this mosaic, Araucaria angustifolia, the dominant tree species in the Araucaria forests and an impor...

Due to the nutritional content and commercial value of its seeds, Bertholletia excelsa is one of the most important species exploited in the Amazon region. The species is hermaphroditic, insect pollinated, and its seeds are dispersed by barochory and animals. Because the fruit set is dependent on natural pollinator activity, gene flow plays a key role in fruit production. However, to date, ther...