this article is an attempt to study the development compatibility between pedestrian spaces of bazaar and tarbiat pedestrian malls in tabriz. the importance of this issue is due to the subject that today following the discussions on human development and environmental conditions, pedestrian spaces have been taken into consideration by planners and designers as one of the important strategies of...

Based on fourteen months of ethnographic research the central money exchange bazaar in Kabul, Afghanistan—Sarai Shahzada—this article examines micro-dynamics legal change within a close-knit community fragile setting. For most its history, has been governed by informal norms. New state-building measures after 2001 led to increased efforts state regulate bazaar, causing exchangers initiate inter...

In au epidemic of cholera at Jalna, in the Deccau, very successful results were obtained by the employment of oil of Eucalyptus to the complete exclusion of every other drug. The cases that occurred were divided into two classes, viz., those in the lines of the 2nd Infantry, H. C., and those in the Sudder Bazaar and adjacent parts. In the former there were 8 cases, consisting of 2 men, a woman ...

Since the energy consumption has become one of the crisis of modern buildings, modeling the Iranian past architecture patterns could be helpful. The shopping streets as one of the main sectors consuming energy locate near the open spaces it seems, therefore, they need more thermal comfort. However, using passive techniques, the Iranian traditional bazaars architecture solved the problems regard...

The mode of Internet-enabled organization referred to here as “distributed problem-solving networks” (DPSNs) is also known as bazaar governance (Demil and Lecocq, 2006; Hope, 2008), commons-based peer production (Benkler, 2006), crowd sourcing, collective wisdom and wikinomics (Tapscott and Williams, 2007). There is currently debate in the academic literature as to how this mode of organizing r...