in this paper we investigated effect of economic uncertainty on money demand function of iran during(1352-1386). at first by using a general equilibrium theory it is shown that in spite of the existence of economic uncertainties, most of agents who are risk-averse consider these uncertainties when constitute their port folio. they consider money demand is a function of income, interest rate and...

fluctuation of exchange rate and its deviation from equilibrium path are one of the most important macroeconomic variables that is affected by different side of economical sectors. whereas, the exchange rate fluctuation and its deviation from equilibrium path haven’t the same and similar effects on all of the economical sectors, and considering eminent important of industrial development on the...

iran is one of the most concentrated areas of afghan migrants and refugees. most afghans dispersed throughout the country mixed with iranian households. the majority of afghan immigrants are typically unskilled and illegal workers. this study aims at investigating the nature of the causal relationship between afghan immigrants and two main labor market indicators, average wages and unemployment...

This study complements existing literature by examining the nexus between energy consumption (EC), CO2 emissions (CE) and economic growth (GDP) in 24 African countries using a panel ARDL approach. The following findings are established. First, there is a long run relationship between EC, CE and GDP. Second, a long term effect from CE to GDP and EC is apparent, with reciprocal paths. Third, the ...

This paper studies the role of exchange rate volatility in determining the UK’s real imports from three major developing countries Brazil, China, and South Africa. The paper contributes to the literature by investigating the third country effect and also by analyzing the impact of the current financial crisis on the relationship between exchange rate volatility and UK imports. This paper furthe...

this paper, i have focused on the tax side of the fiscal policy to  investigate the past and future behavior of fiscal sustainability in iran. to do so, i have employed two different forward-looking and backward-looking approaches. first, the backward-looking approach is the fiscal policy rule proposed by daving & leeper (2011). precisely, this rule determines that whether the fiscal policy is ...

In this paper we investigate natural gas producer’s reactions to changes in market prices. We estimate price elasticities of aggregated supply in the most competitive market for natural gas: the United States. Using monthly time series data form 1987 to 2012 our analysis is based on an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Cointegration approach to obtain short and long-run elasticities o...