It has been suggested that population growth dynamics may be revealed by the geographic distribution and the physical structure of ancient bridges. Yet, this relationship has not been empirically verified. In this study, we applied the archaeological records for ancient bridges to reveal the population growth dynamics in the lower Yangtze River Basin in late imperial China. We investigated 89 a...

Introduction The ancient Chinese believed that after a person died, he would take a journey to the next life. He needed all the things he had in his earth life: food, clothes, money, entertainment, household items, and protection from evil spirits for his journey to the afterlife. The family would prepare a tomb for the dead person and fill it with all these things. This was how they honored th...

Born in 1368 A.D., after the fall of Yuan dynasty, Great Ming Dynasty, which ruled until 1644, was last Chinese dynasty by a member Han ethnic group. Throughout China’s population doubled, and trade, art, technology, architecture reached new heights. However, Dynasty collapsed its capital fallen to rebel army led Li Zicheng. This collapse caused several long-term causes embedded structure, had ...

the decentralized structure of the arsacid empire brought both positive and negative consequences to the country. despite all confusions, this particular political trend helped ancient and local traditions to grow and flourish. at this time pars although has been isolated but played an important role to guard and respect the basic ideologies of the past achaemenids. persis kings’ coins minted f...

For societies with writing systems, hereditary leadership is documented as one of the hallmarks of early political complexity and governance. In contrast, it is unknown whether hereditary succession played a role in the early formation of prehistoric complex societies that lacked writing. Here we use an archaeogenomic approach to identify an elite matriline that persisted between 800 and 1130 C...

Computing diagnoses in domains with continuously changing data is a difficult, but essential aspect of solving many problems. To address this task, this paper describes a dynamic influence diagram (ID) construction and updating system, DYNASTY, and its application to constructing a decision-theoretic model to diagnose acute abdominal pain, a domain in which the findings evolve during the diagno...

The name of Rodogune was not applied only to the well known statuette Aphrodite Anadyomene from Parthian Nisa, but also a seal impressed on sealing Nisa Square House. Although attribution seal, unlike that statuette, discussed in detail, portrait depicted it recognized as Arsacid princess. Actually, head is female, male, and can all likelihood be Apollo with laurel wreath. style execution sugge...

The history of the caliphate after death Prophet Muhammad from time to has same pattern starting phases development, formation, coaching, glory, decline and destruction. This study aims determine Khulafaur Rashidun dynasty SAW. used qualitative research methods. data collection technique was carried out by means a literature through exploration journals other information relevant study. results...