Stenosis of arteriovenous (A-V) fistulae secondary to neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) compromises dialysis delivery, which worsens patients' quality of life and increases medical costs associated with the maintenance of vascular accesses. In the present study, we evaluated the role of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit in A-V fistula neointima formation. Initially, c-Kit was found in the neointima...

Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a well-established non-invasive investigation for this neurological presentation to exclude intracranial aneurysms. However, dural arteriovenous fistulae with anterograde venous drainage only can be missed by CTA. Here we reported two patients with painful complete third nerve palsy and dural carotid cavernous fistulae with anterograde venous drainage o...

Functional vascular access is a prerequisite for adequate haemodialysis treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease. Autogenous arteriovenous fistulae are considered superior to synthetic grafts and central venous catheters; however, fistulae are not without problems. Fistulae thrombosis has become a clinical challenge in nephrology practice, with relevant clinical implications for dialy...

Coronary cameral fistulae are rare and bicoronary pulmonary artery fistulae is even rarer. This is a case of a 70 year old male who presented to us with complaints of chest pain and dyspnoea. His ECG showed ST-T changes in inferior and anterior precordial leads suggestive of ischaemia in those territories. His coronary angiogram revealed bilateral coronary pulmonary arterial fistulae arising fr...

We report 2 patients with aggressive intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae that were repaired via percutaneous, transarterial coil embolization of the venous outlets.

In patients with intracerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), symptoms attributed to steal can lead to progressive debilitating deficits. This study was undertaken to determine which morphologic features of the AVM could be correlated with clinical symptoms of steal. Over a 4-year period, 65 patients with intracranial AVMs were evaluated with angiography supplemented by MR (46 cases) and C...

Laminar shear stress (SS) induces an antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory endothelial phenotype and increases Klf2 expression. We altered the diameter of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the mouse model to determine whether increased fistula diameter produces disturbed SS in vivo and if acutely increased disturbed SS results in decreased Klf2 expression. The mouse aortocaval fistula model w...

Long-term follow-up is described of seven patients with fistulae between a coronary artery and the right atrium or right ventricle. Left-to-right shunt flow ranged from minimal to 2.2:1. Of six patients followed 33k to 17 years (average 10) without operation, five demonstrated symptomatic, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and angiographic stability. In the sixth patient, a second angiographic...

AMONG THE PROBLEMS presented by the chronic uraemie patient, the anaesthetist is particularly concerned with anaemia, a-3 acid-base and electrolyte upsets, and impaired renal excretion of drugs. When such patients are on chronic haemodialysis programs, they frequently present for surgical creation or revision of arteriovenous shunts and fistulae. Usually, these procedures are done under local o...