Over the past few years, swarm intelligence based optimization techniques such as ant colony optimization and particle swarm optimization have received considerable attention from engineering researchers. These algorithms have been used in the solution of various structural optimization problems where the main goal is to minimize the weight of structures while satisfying all design requirements...

The prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile under axial load is one of the important issues for many researches in the field of geotechnical engineering. In recent years, the use of computational intelligence techniques such as different methods of artificial neural network has been developed in terms of physical and numerical modeling aspects. In this study, a database of 100 p...

Genetic algorithms are computational models of evolution that play a central role in many arti cial life models We review the history and current scope of research on genetic algorithms in arti cial life using illustrative examples in which the genetic algorithm is used to study how learning and evolution interact and to model ecosystems immune system cognitive systems and social systems We als...