lactatingdairy cows (n=177) fed with grass and corn silage ad libitum kept in pasture, were randomly assigned to evaluate how urea nitrogen in plasma and milk can be related to their pregnancy rate. blood and milk samples were collected on the artificial insemination (ai) day to evaluate plasma urea nitrogen (pun) and milk urea nitrogen (mun) as well as progesterone levels, excluding cows with ...

Aedes aegypti is the major vector of dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses that put millions of people in endemic countries at risk. Mass rearing of this mosquito is crucial for strategies that use modified insects to reduce vector populations and transmission of pathogens, such as sterile insect technique or population replacement. A major problem for vector mosquito mass rearing is the...

Objectives After reading this article, the reader will be able to:  Briefly discuss the significant milestones in the search for a substitute for human blood.  List several factors driving the search for a blood substitute.  List the characteristics of an ideal blood substitute.  Name and explain the four phases of clinical trials required before a drug can be approved by the Food and Drug ...

pathologists have experience of unexpectedly low carboxyhaemoglobin saturation levels in fatal carbon-monoxide poisoning. The textbooks give 60% as the minimum lethal concentration for healthy subjects. Why then should apparently fit persons, below the age of 70, die with saturation levels below 50% ? A series of 300 included 24 such cases, with values from 40 to 490o (palladium chloride analys...

Perfluorocarbon emulsions are being clinically evaluated as artificial oxygen carriers to reduce allogeneic blood transfusions or to improve tissue oxygenation. Perfluorocarbon emulsions are efficacious in animal experiments, and in humans they are well tolerated and at least as successful to reverse physiologic transfusion triggers than autologous blood. Perfluorocarbon emulsions may be used i...