Conventional fire and smoke control systems use pressure differences across small openings and cracks in physical barriers as a means to restrict smoke propagation from one space to another and water-spray curtains to diminish or eliminate fire and smoke. Most fire codes of Unite State of American depend upon the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), guidebooks [1,2]. In turn these propo...

Many researchers are being involved in fire detection using camera images as information data. However earlier researches have not paid attention to the determination of the type of fire (naked or smoldering). This paper proposes an improved fire detection method based on the image features that are taken as a feed to a rough set information system (RSIS) in order to not only determine the type...

The most important things for a forest fire detection system are the exact extraction of the smoke from image and being able to clearly distinguish the smoke from those with similar qualities, such as clouds and fog. This research presents an intelligent forest fire detection algorithm via image processing by using the Gaussian Mixture model (GMM), which can be applied to detect smoke at the ea...

An in-flight smoke or fire event is an emergency unlike almost any other. The early cues for un-alerted conditions, such as air conditioning smoke or fire, are often ambiguous and elusive. The checklists crews use for these conditions must help them respond quickly and effectively and must guide their decisions. Ten years ago an industry committee developed a template to guide the content of Pa...

Computational tools have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for modeling fire spread and smoke transport in order that various professionals such as fire protection engineers, fire researchers, fire investigators, fire fighters, AHJ’s (authorities having jurisdiction) etc. may study the dynamics of fire with the ultimate aim of improving fire safety. The...

Many fire evacuation models have been proposed in recent years to better simulate such as an emergency situation. However most of them do not respect a recommendation of fire evacuation experts regarding the fact that evacuees should follow the boundaries of obstacles or wall to find the exits when their visibility is limited by smoke. This paper presents an agent-based evacuation model with Sm...

Traits, such as resprouting, serotiny and germination by heat and smoke, are adaptive in fire-prone environments. However, plants are not adapted to fire per se but to fire regimes. Species can be threatened when humans alter the regime, often by increasing or decreasing fire frequency. Fire-adaptive traits are potentially the result of different evolutionary pathways. Distinguishing between tr...

A flashover occurs when a fire spreads very rapidly through crevices due to intense heat. Flashovers present one of the most frightening and challenging fire phenomena to those who regularly encounter them: firefighters. Firefighters’ safety and lives often depend on their ability to predict flashovers before they occur. Typical pre-flashover fire characteristics include dark smoke, high heat, ...

Remote sensing and GIS techniques were developed and evaluated to retrospectively analyze the impacts of the McNally Fire on air quality. The McNally Fire was a large wildfire over 54,700 ha (150,000 acres) in size that occurred in the Sequoia National Forest, California, 21 July through 26 August 2002. MODIS satellite images and NOAA pictures were used to digitize smoke plumes. Smoke plumes we...

Introduction Alberta has an extensive system in place for detecting wildfires, including a network of over 130 lookout sites strategically placed throughout the forest protection area (SRD 2001). The lookout personnel undergo training when hired and are tested annually. Simulated wildfires must be used to test and train personnel. These mock wildfires have been produced in the past by igniting ...