Here, the olive leaf extract (OLE) rich in polyphenols was employed as a prebiotic agent, together with Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus clausii, to develop synbiotics. The effect of on probiotic strains tested at concentrations 0, 50, 100, 400, 1000 μg mL−1, also 20 40 mg mL−1. Olive mL−1 showed best activity L. B. clausii. A basal diet two experimental synbiotic-containing diets were prepar...

Stimulation of blinded and sighted crayfish with ventrally directed light evokes a slow tail flexion response or a tail flexion accompanied by backward walking. The response latencies and durations of sighted animals are shorter than those of blinded animals, which indicates that visual inputs can speed a response which can be released by extraretinal photoreceptors alone. Recordings from elect...

Shifts in plant species distributions due to global change are increasing the availability of novel resources in a variety of ecosystems worldwide. In semiarid riparian areas, hydric pioneer tree species are being replaced by drought-tolerant plant species as water availability decreases. Additionally, introduced omnivorous crayfish, which feed upon primary producers, allochthonous detritus, an...

The importance of evolution in enhancing the invasiveness of species is not well understood, especially in animals. To evaluate evolution in crayfish invasions, we tested for differences in growth rate, survival, and response to predators between native and invaded range populations of rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus). We hypothesized that low conspecific densities during introductions into...

Article history: Received 26 September 2016 Accepted 12 January 2017 Available online 1 March 2017 Invasive ecosystem engineers, such as dreissenid mussels, may facilitate subsequent invaders. Despite their potential ecological importance, interactions between dreissenid mussels and crayfish in the Laurentian Great Lakes have received little research attention. Invasive rusty crayfish (Orconect...