Since 1980, ASTM has required that test methods include statements on the precision and bias of each method. E384 and B578, each committee responsible for these documents, E04 and B08, initiated new interlaboratory comparison studies, commonly referred to as round-robins. These studies involve circulating standard materials to each of several chosen laboratories for measurements. Considerable a...

It should be emphasized that this document is not intended to be used in establishing protocol involved in natural attenuation investigations or policies leading to the interpretation of the results of those investigations. To that end, the reader is referred to the EPA Protocol for chlorinated solvents (U.S. EPA, 1998a), and ASTM for petroleum hydrocarbons (ASTM, 1998). EPA is also preparing a...

Standardizing software modernization techniques has lead to the KDM (Knowledge Discovery Metamodel). This metamodel represents several application aspects (code, architecture, etc.), while transforming them into renewed versions. On the other hand, ASTM (the Abstract Syntax Tree Metamodel) has been recently released. It focuses on the parsing of text-based files written in a given language. In ...

Methods Efficacy studies were conducted according to ASTM E1174 or with modifications to the hand contamination procedure as follows: For ASTM E2755 studies, hands were contaminated with 0.2 ml of a concentrated challenge suspension to reduce soil load and eliminate post contamination hand wetness commonly associated with testing per E1174. For the “contact contamination” procedure hands were c...

Background–The purpose of this investigation is to measure the normal neck and trunk motion of daily living and to compare this to annualized movements as defined by the ASTM F2423-11 and ISO 18192-1:2011 standards. Methods–Ten volunteers wore a custom sensor system that monitored their upper and lower spine motion. The system allows continuous measurement of the frequency and magnitude of spin...

As the potential of computer modeling of hydration and microstructure development of cement-based materials approaches realization, the development of virtual standard test methods becomes a viable possibility. In creating these virtual standards, just as with the development of any physical standard test method, verification, validation (calibration), and variability must all be considered. Th...