introduction thunderstorms pose a significant threat to modern societies and their assets. despite their local-scale characteristics, severe thunderstorms and associated extreme events like heavy rainfall, hail, gusts, or tornadoes can cause considerable damage to agriculture, buildings, or infrastructure, and facilities. thunderstorms are highly localized and largely stationary weather systems...

The general properties of the atmospheres of Mars, Venus and Jupiter are reviewed. The evolutionary processes of planetary atmospheres are outlined as an introduction to a detailed discussion of the structure of the atmospheres of other planets. The most recent observational results indicate that the surface pressure on Mars could be as low as 20 mb, and the amount of CO2 may have a mixing rati...

We present results of the digital spectral analysis of the time series containing the daily samples of the atmosphere surface pressure measured at Saratov city from Jan 1, 1995 to Dec 31, 1999. We calculated also cross correlation functions between the pressure fluctuations and the planetary geomagnetic indices, A p and C p , and cross correlation function between these fluctuations and the cos...

1. introduction one of the most important conditions to have dusty weather beside of unstable weather is existence or non-existence of humidity. unstable weather having enough humidity will produce rain and thunder storm, else if the result will be dust storm. number of particles of dusty storm is depended to wind speed, sec of soil and its dimension. furthermore, vegetation type has importance...

We fabricated thin films by co-sputter deposition [1] starting from pure high-resistive NiFe2O4 (NFO) (∼ 160 nm) up to the metallic Ni33Fe67 (10.4 nm) with intermediate NiFe2Ox1 (60 nm) and NiFe2Ox2 (35 nm), with 4 > x1 > x2 > 0. The films were deposited on MgAl2O4(001) (MAO) substrates by dc magnetron sputtering. The metallic film was deposited in Ar atmosphere with pressure in the range of 2 ...

We derive an analytic model for nonlinear “photon bubble” wave trains driven by buoyancy forces in magnetized, radiation pressure-dominated atmospheres. Continuous, periodic wave solutions exist when radiative diffusion is slow compared to the dynamical timescale of the atmosphere. We identify these waves with the saturation of a linear instability discovered by Arons — therefore, these wave tr...

Introduction: The large number of impacts would have many consequences on the evolution of planetary atmospheres. Melosh and Vickery [1] analytically estimated the lower limit of impactor mass and velocity which could blow off all the atmosphere above the tangent plane to the impact point and suggested the possibility of the substantial atmospheric loss on Mars by impacts during the heavy bomba...