Transitions to democracy are most often considered the outcome of historical modernization processes. Socio-economic changes, such as increases in per capita GNP, education levels, urbanization and communication, have traditionally been found to be correlates or 'requisites' of democratic reform. However, transition times and the number of reform steps have not been studied comprehensively. Her...

Abstract This article analyzes the impact of Augusto Pinochet’s autocracy on Chilean economy. The study compares outcomes under leadership with those in a synthetic counterfactual made weighted average countries similar characteristics. It finds that, relative to control, income per capita greatly underperformed for at least first fifteen years after coup. results are robust extending pool dono...

Scholars and policy-makers are increasingly concerned with the detrimental effects of conspiracy theories. Yet, it remains unclear whether beliefs actually pose a threat to democracy by rendering people less supportive democratic governance. Three studies suggest that theories may incite support for autocratic regimes. A first nationally representative sample (Greece, N = 492), established link...

The idea of autonomy, presented as Kant’s main achievement in the Groundwork and second Critique, is hardly present ethics “Doctrine Virtue”. Against Pauline Kleingeld’s recent interpretation, I argue that this does not amount to a disappearance Principle Autonomy, but an important development notion autonomy. first show Kant still advocated Autonomy 1790s along with thought lawgiving through o...

Opposition coordination varies widely in electoral autocracies. Sometimes, opposition parties are highly coordinated and create alliances, present joint candidates or common policy platforms. Yet, at other times, oppositions choose to challenge incumbents individually. This article seeks explain what drives coordinate non-democratic regimes. It finds that opponents’ decision-making strategy for...

Abstract All ECE countries have covered the same historical trajectory of ‘the third-generation autocracy’, but Hungary has been reaching its ‘perfection’, since two-thirds, constitutional supermajority in Hungarian case allowed for Orbán regime to complete this ‘reverse wave’ all fields society and turning it into a zombie democracy. The conceptual frame paper is that decline democracy turn au...

the scattered stories, due to the way they are put together in the shahnameh, show a thoughtful and systematic pattern and tell more than what they have in their appearance. according to the tradition of the shahnameh research, the book is divided into the following sections: mythical, heroic, and historical. although clear lines do not indicate this classification, the interval and overlapping...