The study of modal auxiliary verbs has been done by comparing modal auxiliary verbs in English with the ones in Chinese qualitatively and quantitatively. The modals in English and in Chinese are statistically analyzed through their forms and meanings. The data consists of 50 pieces of Chinese prose with their 50 English translation versions called corpus A and 50 pieces of English prose with th...

We examined whether event knowledge about the roles that nouns play in specific events interacts with the morphological form of active and passive verbs during short SOA (250 ms), noun-verb semantic priming. In Experiment 1, we investigated how quickly participants pronounce verbs inflected with -ing or -ed (arresting vs. arrested) when preceded by primes consisting of a good-agent or a goodpat...

The Universal Stanford Dependencies (USD) subordinates function words to content words. Auxiliaries, adpositions and subordinators are positioned as dependents of full verbs and nouns, respectively. Such an approach to the syntax of natural languages is contrary to most work in theoretical syntax in the past 35 years, regardless of whether this work is constituencyor dependency-based. A substan...

This paper argues that consideration of spontaneous speech errors provides insight into cross-linguistic analyses of syntactic phenomena. In particular, I claim that differences in the distribution of non-parallel VP-Ellipsis constructions in English and German, as well as variation in the spontaneously-occurring verbal speech errors, is explained by a parametric analysis of variation in the in...

The present study investigated whether the recognition of spoken words is influenced by how predictable they are given their syntactic context and whether listeners assign more weight to syntactic predictability when acoustic-phonetic information is less reliable. Syntactic predictability was manipulated by varying the word order of past participles and auxiliary verbs in Dutch subordinate clau...

THIS STUDY considers some of the categories commonly associated with the notion ''auxiliary'' from the point of view of Modern Hebrew. As background, a characterization of auxiliaries as syntactically and semantically DEPENDENT elements is suggested (Section I. I), and an attempt is made to show why many Hebrew studies to date have taken rather too unconstrained a view of the notion by extendin...

The aim of this paper is to account for the behaviour of Polish pronom-inal clitics in tense auxiliary constructions. In particular, we discuss the phenomenon known as clitic climbing (CC) and provide its HPSG account. Unlike Romance or Germanic languages, Polish employs only one tense auxiliary verb by´c 'be'. The future tense of imperfective verbs is formed with the strong form of the auxilia...

This paper argues that the distribution of the two Chinese aspectual auxiliaries -Ie and -zhe in the locative inversion construction is determined by the semantics of the event, in particular the interaction of lexical aspect (telicity and stativity) and agentivity. The -le/-zhe alternation shows a gradient effect similar to the selection of perfective auxiliaries in Romance and Germanic (Sorac...

Abstract This Critical Discourse Analysis examines hedging as a linguistic device at the intersection of scientific discourse and women’s language. Hedging has been identified marker where it is valued for expanding dialogic space promulgation knowledge. It also recognised common language, purported to align with discriminatory gender norms that women should not impose their views but could be ...