INTRODUCTION Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy; the most common type of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid cancer which accounts for approximately 90% of all thyroid cancers. Previously defined prognostic factors of papillary thyroid cancer include age, gender, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and distant metastasis. Cervical lymph node metastases are very common in p...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted morbidity and mortality worldwide. rollout of vaccination programs remains the most helpful action to contain dissemination. COVID-19 vaccines are commonly administered intramuscularly into arm. Ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy been reported as an adverse event after vaccination. Axillary following may mimic metasta...

Axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) from esophageal cancer is rare. Its prognosis and effective treatments remain unknown. Between 1997 and 2005, esophagectomy was performed in 361 patients with esophageal cancer in our hospital. ALNM was identified in four patients (1.1%). All patients had left ALNM with ipsilateral left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. In two patients ALNM developed a...

BACKGROUND After completion of axillary dissection, many breast cancer patients with axillary sentinel nodal involvement are found to have regional disease limited to the sentinel nodes. These patients are exposed to the morbidity of axillary clearance without any expected therapeutic benefit. METHODS Sentinel node biopsy was performed either with Patent blue dye or with a combined dye, radio...

It is debated if all breast cancer (BC) patients with sentinel lymph node metastasis need axillary dissection (ALND). Based on clinical and biological factors, we explore a statistical model for predicting non (non-SNm) in positive SN (SN+).

Purpose: Our aim is to define the sonographic criteria for assessing involved axillary nodes and to evaluate the accuracy of axillary ultrasound in the staging workup of individuals with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: 35 patients with breast cancer were prospectively evaluated with preoperative ultrasonography (US) to determine the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis. We determine...

INTRODUCTION Recent decades have seen a significant shift towards conservative management of the axilla. Increasingly, immunohistochemical analysis of sentinel nodes leads to the detection of small tumour deposits, the significance of which remains uncertain. The aims of this study are to examine patients whose sentinel lymph nodes are positive for macro-metastasis, micro-metastasis or isolated...

1Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA 2Clinical Breast Care Project, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963, USA 3Division of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany 4Department of Pathology, University of Milan School o...

BACKGROUND The status of the axillary lymph nodes is an important factor in the prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. Extracapsular extension (ECE) is the spread of lymphatic tumor cells beyond the capsule of an axillary lymph node. Recent studies have demonstrated that ECE is a strongly unfavorable prognostic factor. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated whether the rate of met...

Desmoplastic (scirrhous) invasion and lymph node metastasis are critical for the treatment and prognosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Despite being an anti-angiogenic therapeutic candidate, Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) promotes invasion and metastasis of some carcinomas. To clarify the effect of TSP-1 on invasion and metastasis, we obtained 101 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breas...