Snapping shrimp dominate ambient noise over 2–300 kHz in warm shallow water. To investigate spatial & temporal behaviour, a stochastic tomographic inversion experiment & signal-processing algorithm have been designed. The experiment uses a set of directional hydrophones with parabolic acoustic mirrors steered in azimuth and elevation by onboard microprocessor systems with pitch and heading sens...

Scanning tunneling microscopy study of O2 dissociation on Rh~110! at 170 K shows a low-energy dissociation coordinate for a precursor with the O-O axis aligned in the @001# azimuth, indicating a strong influence of the surface anisotropy on the potential-energy surface. This results in pairs of oxygen atoms oriented along @001#, which aggregate in chains along @11̄0# . The atomic distance in the...

Introduction Crystalline materials are generally elastically anisotropic. Even cubic materials are characterized by three elastic constants, whereas isotropic elastic material has only two. To define elastic anisotropy for the cubic materials, it is common to use the elastic anisotropy factor S = S11-S12S44/2 or A = 2(S11-S12)/S44, where Sij are elastic compliances. Materials become isotropic w...

The seismic anisotropy of the shallow oceanic crust across the East Pacific Rise (9330PN) is studied with P-wave refraction data collected during a controlled-source, three-dimensional tomography experiment. The anisotropy is indicated by a cos(2a) pattern of travel time residuals, where a is the receiver to shot azimuth. The travel time data are best fit by a model containing 4% anisotropy fro...

We constrain olivine fabrics in the oceanic lithosphere using active and passive seismic observations of Pn azimuthal anisotropy. first analyze active-source data derived from a broadband ocean bottom seismometer array that was deployed Northwestern Pacific. infer dependence velocity, including 2ϕ 4ϕ terms sinusoidal functions, where ϕ is back azimuth. observe skewed with large peak-to-peak amp...

Summary A new approach is proposed for measuring the dispersion relation of surface waves in weakly anisotropic media using a single station, which consists translational displacement and rotation or strain. The azimuth-dependent wave curve can be directly obtained by amplitude ratio to Using observations from earthquakes variety azimuths allows us characterize anisotropy subsurface media. give...

[1] The lowermost mantle beneath Central America has anisotropic seismic velocity structure manifested in shear wave splitting of signals from South American earthquakes recorded at North American broadband recording stations. Prior studies of deep mantle anisotropy in this region have characterized the structure as having vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), which is sufficient to explain a gen...

Ellipsoid or geometric anisotropy is a widely used method in geostatistical analysis to obtain variograms with different ranges directions (azimuth) and relatively similar sill variance. indispensable mining when resource geologist intends understand the spatial continuity of variables related any geological controls mineralization. For example, dealing mineralization tabular deposits, porphyri...

Reflectance anisotropy is a signal that contains information on the optical and structural properties of a surface and can be studied by performing multi-angular reflectance measurements that are often done using cumbersome goniometric measurements. In this paper we describe an innovative and fast method where we use a hyperspectral pushbroom spectrometer mounted on a multirotor unmanned aerial...