Incentives and the Allocation of Effort Over Time: The Joint Role of Affective and Cognitive Decision Making We use natural experiments – plausibly exogenous, anticipated increases in the piece rate – to study how effort responds to incentives. Our first finding, like some previous studies, lends little support to the view that incentives increase effort: raising the piece rate has zero effect ...

We estimate risk aversion and loss aversion for 550 experimental participants using the Multiple Price List elicitation method. On each screen of the experiment, participants make seven binary choices between a prospect that is held …xed and a sequence of seven (sure-thing) alternative outcomes. In a between-subject design, the set of alternative outcomes is varied by holding the lowest and hig...

To identify predictive parameters for incidence and severity of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 136 patients, transplanted with histocompatible marrow as therapy for aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancies, were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. The risk of GVHD increased in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (p less than 0.05), in sex-mismatched donor-reci...

Resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ) is being increasingly reported and found to be mediated by efflux pumps, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR) and mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. However, studies reporting on FQ resistance mechanisms (FQRM), particularly in Africa, are focused mostly on Salmonella. This study used a whole-genome-based approach to describe FQRM in forty-...

Affect as a Source of Motivation in the Workplace: A New Model of Labor Supply, and New Field Evidence on Income Targeting and the Goal Gradient In this chapter we propose a new, dual-process model of labor supply, which incorporates both cognitive and affective aspects of decision-making. Consistent with evidence from neuroscience, the worker may experience conflicting cognitive and affective ...

Background: The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic region in human genome. Moreover, HLA haplotype frequencies are largely used in transplantation, the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and population-based studies. The present study aimed to determine HLA-A, -B, -DR alleles and haplotype frequencies in 88 unrelated donors of Iranian Gilak ethnic group, by Polymerase Chain Re...

We develop a model that parsimoniously captures habit formation, projection bias, and present bias in an intertemporal-choice setting, and conduct a field experiment to calibrate the parameters of the model. Building on the gym-attendance study of Charness and Gneezy (2009), we incentivize subjects to attend the gym for a month, observe preand post-treatment attendance relative to a control gro...

An ongoing analysis of the supramolecular self-assembly of disubstituted cycloalkanes has led to the discovery of seven packing patterns built up from hydrogen-bonded homo- and heterochiral chains of racemic molecules, associated in either antiparallel or parallel arrays [Kálmán et al. (2001). Acta Cryst. B57, 539-550]. Two further patterns have been revealed in the close packing of analogous a...

Do Emotions Improve Labor Market Outcomes? Traditionally, models of economic decision-making assume that individuals are rational and emotionless. This chapter argues that the neglect of emotion in economic models explains their inability to predict important aspects of the labor market. We focus on one example: the scarcity of nominal wage cuts. Firms frequently cut real wages of workers, by i...

To the Editor: 1 work at an overseas American institution, and there are extended delays in receipt of journals by our medical library. So, it was only a few days ago that I saw the article entitled “Weak Association between HLA-B27 and the Spondylarthropies in Lebanon,” which was published in the February 1997 issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism (1). I would like to draw the attention of the Leban...