PURPOSE To ascertain the sex and age relatedness, diurnal variation, and repeatability of backscatter measurement in the normal human cornea. METHODS Seven corneal backscatter variants were measured by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in both normal eyes (n = 314) of 157 healthy subjects. These subjects were assigned to one or more of three groups. The sex and age relatedness of corneal bac...

PURPOSE We compared corneal backscatter estimated from a Scheimpflug camera with backscatter estimated from a clinical confocal microscope across a wide range of corneal haze. METHODS A total of 59 corneas from 35 patients with a range of severity of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy and 15 corneas from 9 normal participants were examined using a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam) and a confoca...

A statistical study of the occurrence of ground and ionospheric backscatter within the ®elds-of-view of the CUTLASS HF radars, at an operating frequency of 10 MHz, during the ®rst 20 months of operation has been undertaken. The diurnal variation of the occurrence of backscatter and the range at which such backscatter is observed is found to be highly dependent on seasonal changes of the ionosph...

The measurement of the ultrasound backscatter from individual micron-sized objects such as cells is required for various applications such as tissue characterization. However, performing such a measurement remains a challenge. For example, the presence of air bubbles in a suspension of cells during the measurements may lead to the incorrect interpretation of the acoustic signals. This work intr...

A model for the high-frequency backscatter angular response of gassy sediments is proposed. For the interface backscatter contribution we adopted the model developed by Jackson et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 1410-1422 (1986)], but added modifications to accommodate gas bubbles. The model parameters that are affected by gas content are the density ratio, the sound speed ratio, and the loss para...

Recently, ambient backscatter communications has been introduced as a cutting-edge technology which enables smart devices to communicate by utilizing ambient radio frequency (RF) signals without requiring active RF transmission. This technology is especially effective in addressing communication and energy efficiency problems for low-power communications systems such as sensor networks. It is e...

Backscatter X-ray technique is particularly convenient for the inspection of single-sided access objects, in order to detect subsurface defects or control subsurface layers thickness. This well known technique can benefit today from recent developments in detectors technology. Backscatter technique requires many parameters: relative geometry of source, detector and object, and associated collim...

The electron backscattering coefficient of liquid water has been determined for electrons in the energy range 15-30 keV using Quantomix capsules. Values of the mean atomic number for water estimated from a fit to the backscatter yield, the mean ionization potential of water and from Monte Carlo simulations, show that the scattering behaviour of water is not anomalous despite the effects of hydr...

We demonstrate time-resolved measurement of optical phase-space distributions as a new probe for investigating the propagation of light in disordered media. Phase-space techniques measure the joint transverse position and momentum distribution of the scattered light, and are sensitive to the spatially varying phase and amplitude of the field. Using this method we investigate light backscattered...