BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore in-depth the response of young women smokers (18-35 years) to using dark brown 'plain' cigarette packs in naturalistic settings. METHODS Participants were recruited in six towns and cities in Scotland to take part in a naturalistic study, where they used plain cigarette packs for a week. Participants completed a number of questionnaires during t...

desertification could be traced back to one or many factors. thus, to cope with such a phenomenon, there exists a need for a profound understanding of the processes and the causes. the study area of the current paper is the extent of shahrekord’s marghzar as an important case amongst the important ones of the province. in order to evaluate the roots of desertification in the area, the iranian m...

analyzing the process of land use and cover changes during long periods of time and predicting the future changes is highly important and useful for the land use managers. in this study, the land use maps in the ardabil plain in north-west part of iran for four periods (1989, 1998, 2009 and 2013) are extracted and analyzed through remote sensing technique, using the land-sat satellite images. t...

abstract: in this research, the relationship between geomorphologic factors with underground water resources in zahab plain (in west of kermanshah) has been analyzed using by analyzing-deducing and weighting methods. first, by using of pizometeric and exploratory well data, variation of water table in zahab plain has been comparative analysis with geomorphic unites and then, the zahab watershed...

groundwater quality regarding major anions and cations in the birjand plain located in the largest desert in eastern iran was monitored in this study. fifteen boreholes were considered as sampling stations and the parameters ph, tds, ec and major anions and cations were measured in groundwater samples. the dominant groundwater types can be introduced as sodium-chloride and magnesium-sulphate. t...