We provide a new and definitive spectral assignment for the absorption, emission, high-resolution fluorescence excitation, linear dichroism, and/or magnetic circular dichroism spectra of 32 chlorophyllides in various environments. This encompases all data used to justify previous assignments and provides a simple interpretation of unexplained complex decoherence phenomena associated with Qx → Q...

A scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) was used as an analytical tool to study the etching of GaAs surfaces. Hole injection from several eledrogenerated oxidants to n-type, p-type, and undoped GaAs was examined by the feedback mode of the SECM. Assignment of the process as a hole injection from the oxidized form of the redox couple into the valence band and assignment of the energy of the...

Large multimedia files (such as high definition audio, video, images, etc.) are accessed by an enormous number of mobile users over the Internet. Therefore, the bandwidth demand for mobile Internet access is increasing exponentially. To answer users’ demand, carrier aggregation is proposed in LTE systems. In carrier aggregation, the best available one or more carrier components of each band mus...

The 60GHz unlicensed frequency band has been adopted to support high data rate WLAN applications. The problem of this frequency band is that the wireless signal is vulnerable to the shadowing of objects. Especially in indoor scenarios, humans may frequently block the signal paths that cause disconnections of devices. This problem can be mitigated by using multiple antennas that can create rich ...

A previous paper by the authors [FH93] noted that there was a strong tendency to obtain near-repeated knots in their algorithm for least squares approximation of scattered data by multiquadric functions. In this paper we observe that this leads naturally to the inclusion of derivatives of the multiquadric basis function in the approximation, and give an algorithm for accomplishing this. A compa...

We propose a novel dynamic hierarchical optical path network architecture that achieves efficient optical fast circuit switching. In order to complete wavelength path setup/teardown efficiently, the proposed network adaptively manages waveband paths and bundles of optical paths, which provide virtual mesh connectivity between node pairs for wavelength paths. Numerical experiments show that oper...

AND MONTERDE, NORTHEAST SPAIN: AN ANALOGUE AQUEOUS ORIGIN Alberto G. Fairén, Ricardo Amils, Fernando Leandro, James M. Dohm, Dirk SchulzeMakuch, and Alexis P. Rodríguez. Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain. [email protected], Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC–INTA). 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid. Spain, Facultad de Geología, Universidad...

We investigate the issue of global energy efficiency optimization in a multi-beam low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication system. Current terrestrial networks provide high-quality and cost mainly densely populated areas. However, extending wideband coverage to remote areas is unaffordable. LEO satellites solution for offering by supporting networks. consider downlink transmissions Ka-band...