Introduction: Cassini ISS imaged the surface of Io in eclipse by Jupiter in late 2000 and early 2001 and obtained multiple-filter images over timescales of hours. Images like these have been used to study the temperature and variability of the numerous hotspots on the surface [1, 2, 3]. For example, Pele was found to be an active lava lake with most likely basaltic lava composition [2]. New Hor...

The Isua greenstone belt (Fig. 1) contains the oldest known, relatively well preserved, metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks on Earth. The rocks are all deformed and many were substantially altered by metasomatism, but both the deformation and metasomatism were heterogeneous. Transitional stages can be seen from relatively well preserved primary volcanic and sedimentary structures to schists ...

Phosphorus (P) speciation in 21 basaltic and four non-basaltic Irish grassland soils was determined by NaOH–EDTA extraction and P NMR spectroscopy. Organic P in basaltic soils ranged between 30 and 697 mg P kg 1 and consisted of phosphate monoesters (84–100%), DNA (0–16%) and phosphonates (0–5%). Inorganic P was mainly phosphate (83–100%) with small concentrations of pyrophosphate (0–17%). Phos...

[1] Systematic variations in pore water chemical and thermal profiles from sediment gravity cores indicate the presence of a ‘‘cool’’ (10–20 C) ridge-flank hydrothermal system within basement surrounding Dorado outcrop, a small basaltic edifice on 23 Ma seafloor of the Cocos Plate. Dorado outcrop is located within a 14,500-km region of cool seafloor, where 60–90% of the lithospheric heat is rem...

This paper presents a new technique to measure water concentrations in small volcanic glasses such as melt inclusions. The technique uses Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) micro-reflectance spectroscopy, and thus does not require a doubly polished sample. To enhance the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, a vacuum pump and a narrow-band mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCT) detector were introduced into th...

Introduction: The exploration of the Martian surface by the rovers Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity has indicated the widespread presence of clastic rocks of basaltic composition [1-3], many of which have altered to various extents. In this investigation, we have examined basaltic ash and tephra formed through hy-drovolcanism (the explosive interaction of magma with liquid water), glaciovolca...