Many organisms exhibit parental optimism, producing more of the initial stages of offspring (e.g., eggs, embryos) than they can usually mature. For plants, parental optimism may be linked to the risk of seed production being limited by pollen receipt (pollen limitation). Here we elaborate a stochastic model of pollen limitation developed by Haig and Westoby ( 1988 ) and Burd ( 2008 ) and link i...

hij? or satire is a genre of poetry that emerges, both spontaneously and through conscious effort, from the depth of the poet’s soul to relieve him of his inner anguish and is followed by resentment of the one being satirized. in the same way as there exist certain motives or factors behind the orientation of poets towards a specific genre of poetry, there are also certain factors involved in t...

Architecture evolution is a central feature of virtually all software systems. As new market opportunities, technologies, platforms, and frameworks become available systems must change their organizational structures to accommodate them, requiring large-scale and systematic restructuring. Today architects have few tools to help them plan and execute such evolutionary paths. In particular, they ...

UV-B radiation and EOD light (EOD) quality has both signaling and damaging effects based on the dosage and time of exposure. At highland areas UV-B decreases crop productivity and also light quality increase at high elevation area but EOD light quality effect was not researched based on altitude. Therefore, in the present study a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of UV-B...

In 1980, estimated federal support for higher education in the US totaled approximately $55-billion. By 1999 that figure had swelled to just over $88-billion even though federal onbudget support for postsecondary education actually fell during this time from $22.2-billion to $18.2-billion. What largely stimulated the growth were policy shifts on two different fronts: a significant commitment by...