Lanchester’s equations are commonly used as the basis for force-on-force combat models, even if only as a metamodel for a more complex combat simulation. This report examines whether attrition is adequately modelled by such Markov processes. It shows that the distribution of historical battle casualties is consistent with that obtained when attrition is modelled as an Ito process. The additiona...

BACKGROUND To analyze casualties from the Camp Eagle Study, focusing on life-saving interventions (LSI) and potentially survivable deaths. METHODS Retrospective cohort of battle casualties from a forward base engaged in urban combat in Central Iraq. Medical support included emergency medicine practitioners and combat medics with advanced training and protocols. LSI were defined as advanced ai...

The Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry is a data repository summarizing information from data sets describing injuries sustained and treatments administered to casualties from the point of injury to rehabilitation. Among the medical facilities contributing data to the Combat Trauma Registry during Operation Iraqi Freedom were the Marine Corps forward surgical companies. The surgical compa...

Renewed nationalism with the ending of the Cold War has precipitated numerous conflicts between regions or countries that were formerly united. Hostilities between some ethnic and nationalistic factions have reached the point where regional security is threatened and United Nations-sanctioned military operations may be required. Because some U.N. operations could require the forcible removal of...

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of early, advanced prehospital life support on the survival rate of war casualties during the battle of Jalalabad, Afghanistan from 1989-1992. METHOD The outcomes of simple trauma care administered from 1989-1990 were compared to the outcomes of advanced trauma care administered from 1991-1992 in the combat zone. The outcomes were measured by the number of death...

That the arteries undergo spasmodic contraction, when subjected to trauma or concussional violence, is now a well-recognized fact. Called by the French surgeons Stupeui Arterialleand by the German surgeons ' Kroh's Arterial Spasm', the phenomenon was described by Makins (1919) towards the end ot World War I. During World War II, several remarkable instances of the condition were cited from dive...

Shipboard Power Systems (SPS) are geographically spread all along the ship. It consists of various components such as generators, cables, switchboards, circuit-breakers, bus transfer switches and loads, all interconnected with each other and located at various places (decks) on the ship. Geographical information on these components is required to assess the impact of faults caused due to battle...

"Forward psychiatry" was devised in World War I for the treatment of shell shock and today is the standard intervention for combat stress reaction. It relied on three principles: proximity to battle, immediacy, and expectation of recovery, subsequently given the acronym "PIE." Both US and UK forces belatedly reintroduced PIE methods during World War II to return servicemen to active duty and ma...

On the morning of July 1st 1916, after five days of intense artillery bombardment, the British Fourth Army under General Sir Henry Rawlinson, with a ration strength of 519,324 men, supported by two divisions of the Third Army, under General Sir Edward Allenby, advanced into what was to be known hereafter as the first day of the Battle of the Somme. Within the first 60 minutes of that attack, th...