Honey bee (Apis mellifera) sperm remains viable in the spermatheca of mated female honey bees for several years. During this time, the sperm retains respiratory activity, placing it at risk of the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species common to many biological processes. Antioxidative enzymes might help reduce this damage. Here we use quantitative real-time RT-PCR to establish gene-expres...

Abstract Varroa destructor parasitism is associated with extreme honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) colony losses in the northern hemisphere. causes severe damage, including a decrease longevity and immunosuppression, acts as vector for viruses, such Deformed wing virus (DWV-A). The surveillance of viral pathogens V. samples essential to assess risks emerging virulent variants (such VDV-1) evaluate t...

argyrophilic staining of nucleolar organizer regions (agnor) has been considered to be useful in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of different cutaneous tumors. in order to evaluate the role of the agnor technique in discriminating aggressive from non-aggressive basal cell carcinoma (bcc), paraffin-embedded histologic sections from 30 cases of aggressive bcc (bcc2) and 30 cases of non-ag...

BACKGROUND Numerous surveys reveal high levels of pesticide residue contamination in honey bee comb. We conducted studies to examine possible direct and indirect effects of pesticide exposure from contaminated brood comb on developing worker bees and adult worker lifespan. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Worker bees were reared in brood comb containing high levels of known pesticide residues (...

The chief objective in fire Might control has been the eradication of hold-over cankers, since these cankers are known to be the principal source of primary inoculum in the spring. Consequently the possibility suggested by Rosen (11, 12Y that the fire bhght organism, Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Bergey et al., may overwinter in the beehive has complicated the problem by introducing one more possib...