Turkey is the second largest honey producer in world. However, beekeeping sector, especially export of and products, not supported by income compatible with this asset. The main reasons for discrepancy are presence bee diseases (predators) their residues honey. Due to observation Aethina tumida (small hive beetle; SHB) Europe (Italy) Tropilealaps spp. Iran’s border regions close Turkey, Ministr...

BACKGROUND Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are the most important pollinators of many agricultural crops worldwide and are a key test species used in the tiered safety assessment of genetically engineered insect-resistant crops. There is concern that widespread planting of these transgenic crops could harm honey bee populations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a meta-analysis of 25...

The number of managed honey bee colonies has considerably decreased in many developed countries in recent years and ectoparasitic mites are considered as major threats to honey bee colonies and health. However, their general biology remains poorly understood. We sequenced the genome of Tropilaelaps mercedesae, the prevalent ectoparasitic mite infesting honey bees in Asia, and predicted 15 190 p...

A multitude of insects and mites attack fruit crops throughout the tropics. The traditional method for controlling most of these pests is the application of chemical pesticides. Growing concern on the negative environmental effects has encouraged the development of alternatives. Inundatively and inoculatively applied microbial control agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematod...

nasonovia ribisnigri (mosely) is one of the most important pests of the lettuce plant and it was reported for the first time in ahvaz in 2008. in order to investigate the dominant species of its natural enemies and their population fluctuations, sample were taken arbitrarily from fifty plants twice a week during the growing season in 2010-2012. in this study, ten species of predators, three spe...

The alfalfa leafcutting bee,Megachile rotundata (Fabricius), is used to pollinate alfalfa, Medicago sativaL., for seedproduction in theUnited States andCanada. It is difÞcult to reliably sustain commercialM. rotundata populations in theUnited States because of problemswith disease, parasites, predators, and unexplained mortality. One possible explanation for early immature mortality is that, re...

The use of non-crop plants to provide the resources that herbivorous crop pests' natural enemies need is being increasingly incorporated into integrated pest management programs. We evaluated insect functional groups found on three refuges consisting of five different plant species each, planted next to a maize crop in Lima, Peru, to investigate which refuge favoured natural control of herbivor...