In this paper, we provide a notion of structure preserving maps (i.e. knowledge-belief morphisms) between knowledge-belief spaces. Then we show that under the condition that the knowledge operators of the players in a knowledge-belief space operate just on measurable subsets of the space there is a unique (up to isomorphism) universal knowledge-belief space to which every knowledge-belief space...

We propose a new approach to functional regression based on fuzzy evidence theory. This method uses a training set for computing a fuzzy belief structure which quantiies diierent types of uncertainties, such as nonspeciicity, connict, or low density of input data. The method can cope with a very large class of training data, such as numbers, intervals , fuzzy numbers, and, more generally, fuzzy...

Unlike teacher beliefs, there has been a dearth of study regarding EFL learner beliefs. The reason can be that Horwitz (1987) and the existing literature has predominantly been in an ESL context. The present study reports the development and validation of a scale to measure the learner beliefs about language learning in Iranian EFL contexts. Using a combination of verbal creativity method, inte...

We propose a new message-passing belief propagation method that approximates belief updating on evidential networks with conditional belief functions. By means of local conditioning, the method is able to propagate beliefs on the original multiply-connected network structure using local computations, facilitating reasoning in a distributed and dynamic context. Further, by use of conditional bel...

in a profoundly impressive verse in shahnameh, sky is likened to red ruby. the present paper is attempted to probe into the background of the conventional belief regarding the relationship between sky and stone, for the semantic structure of the verse is composed in such a way that it is not possible to consider this relationship as being a conceptualistic viewpoint so that one may establish so...