Loop-gating is one of two voltage-dependent mechanisms that regulate the open probability of connexin channels. The loop-gate permeability barrier is formed by a segment of the first extracellular loop (E1) (the parahelix) and appears to be accompanied by straightening of the bend angle between E1 and the first transmembrane domain (TM1). Here, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations are used t...

Cryopreservation of cartilage has been investigated for decades and is an established protocol. However, the reliability and application of cryopreservation of cartilage for use in electromechanical reshaping (EMR) has not been studied exclusively. A system to cryopreserve large amounts of tissue provides a steady source of similar quality cartilage for future experimentation. This will reduce ...

Deformation and focused fluid flow within a mineralized system are critical in the genesis of hydrothermal ore deposits. Dilation and integrated fluid flux due to coupled deformation and fluid flow in simple strike–slip fault geometries were examined using finite difference analysis in three dimensions. A series of generic fault bend and fault jog geometries consistent with those seen in the we...

Being capable of characterizing DNA local bending is essential to understand thoroughly many biological processes because they involve a local bending of the double helix axis, either intrinsic to the sequence or induced by the binding of proteins. Developing a method to measure DNA bend angles that does not perturb the conformation of the DNA itself or the DNA-protein complex is a challenging ...

1. The responses of starfish sperm flagella to mechanical stimulation with a microneedle were analysed. Flagellar movement was recorded by high-speed microcinematography and by stroboscopic observation. 2. The amplitude of the bending wave of a flagellum was restricted over its entire length when the microneedle was brought near to the flagellum at its proximal region. Beyond the restricted par...

In the study, the thermal-hydraulic performance of the zigzag channels with circular cross-section was analyzed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The standard K-Ꜫ turbulent scalable wall functions were used for modeling. The wall temperature was assumed constant 353 K and water was used as the working fluid. The zigzag serpentine channels with bend angles of 5 - 45° were studied for turbul...

• The correlation of molecular shape and conformations with the Ntb phase transitional properties was investigated. onset transition temperatures turned out to be very sensitive these structural features. Observed differences were attributed changes in bend, which is only difference among dimers. In view importance features, particularly curvature, that form basis for appearance stabilization t...

The reaction of (di-methyl-phosphor-yl)methanamine (dpma) with oxalic acid in ethanol yielded the title solvated salt, C3H11NOP(+)·C2HO4 (-)·0.5C2H2O4. Its asymmetric unit consists of one dpmaH(+) cation, one hydrogen oxalate anion and a half-mol-ecule of oxalic acid located around a twofold rotation axis. The H atom of the hydrogen oxalate anion is statistically disordered over two positions t...

Demembranated sea urchin spermatozoa were reactivated in solutions containing KHCO3 and observed in a covered well slide. Although KHCO3 itself causes a small inhibition of flagellar beat frequency, the results confirm previous observations of a direct inhibition of flagellar bend angle by CO2 with no effect of CO2 on frequency. Observation of the effect of pH on the inhibition of bend angle in...

Effects of an antiserum against native dynein 1 from sperm flagella of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were compared with effects of an antiserum previously obtained against an ATPase-active tryptic fragment (fragment 1A) of dynein 1 from sperm flagella of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina. Both antisera precipitate dynein 1 and do not precipitate dynein 2. Only the fragment...