We aimed at assessing the stability of candidate reference genes in urine sediments of men subjected to digital rectal examination for suspected prostate cancer (PCa). Two microRNAs (miR-191 and miR-25) and 1 small nucleolar RNA (SNORD48) were assayed in 35 post-DRE urine sediments of men with PCa and in 26 subjects with histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The stability...

Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the most destructive pests Salicaceae worldwide, which has established complex interactions with surrounding organisms. Uncovering molecular mechanisms some antagonistic would facilitate development environmentally friendly pest insect management strategies. Suitable reference genes are essential for reliable qPCR and gene expression ...

Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is an effective, reproducible, and dependable method for evaluating targeting expression of genes. It very important to normalize according stably expressed housekeeping genes in order facilitating gene studies acquire exact meaningful results. The purpose this study was identify validate six (GADPH, RPS18, α-TUB, EF1α, ArgK...

The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov, is a major global pest of wheat and barley production that causes enormous economic damage. Few studies have been conducted to explore and decipher the molecular basis of RWA strategies to evade plant defense mechanisms. Gene expression studies of RWA in response to wheat genotypes carrying different RWA resistance genes have been initia...

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) is a rapid, highly sensitive, and specific technique, which widely used to determine the relative expression of target genes in plants. It plays an indispensable role searching for stable reference different species. However, no suitable real-time PCR normalization have been reported mangos. In this study, 10 candidate were obtain...

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a widely cultivated cereal with high nutritional value and it grown mainly in temperate regions. The number of studies dealing gene expression changes oat continues to increase, obtain reliable RT-qPCR results essential establish use reference genes the least possible influence caused by experimental conditions. However, no detailed study has been conducted on different...

In this study, we screened the expression stability of six reference genes (18S rRNA, β-actin, GAPDH, EF1a, B2M, and HPRT1) in hybrid yellow catfish (n = 6), considering SBM levels, sampling time points, different tissues. Four statistical programs, BestKeeper, NormFinder, Genorm, Delta Ct, combined with a method that comprehensively considered all results, were used to evaluate these systemati...

When performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, there is a need for correction of technical variation between experiments. This correction is most commonly performed by using endogenous control genes, which are stably expressed across samples, as reference genes for normal expression in a specific tissue. In microRNA (miRNA) studies, two types of control genes are commonly used...

Gene expression studies require appropriate normalization methods for proper evaluation of reference genes. To date, not many studies have been reported on the identification of suitable reference genes in buffaloes. The present study was undertaken to determine the panel of suitable reference genes in heat-stressed buffalo mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Briefly, MEC culture from buffalo mamm...

Groupers are an economically important fish species in world fishery markets. Because many studies using RT-qPCR have addressed gene expression in groupers, appropriate reference genes are required to obtain reliable and accurate results. In this study, the most suitable reference genes were identified from eleven candidate genes of one of the most valuable species, Epinephelus akaara, in a ran...