Based on time-dependent travel times for N past days, we consider the computation of robust routes according to the min-max relative regret criterion. For this method we seek a path minimizing its maximum weight in any one of the N days, normalized by the weight of an optimum for the respective day. In order to speed-up this computationally demanding approach, we observe that its output belongs...

SONET technology has made high-speed self-healing ring (SHR) architectures practical and economical for use in intra-LATA telecommunication networks. This paper reviews a class of SONET SHR architectures and their control schemes. The SHR architectures can be divided into two basic classes: bi-directional SHRs (B-SHRs) and uni-directional SHRs (U-SHRs). Bidirectional SHRs using four fibers and ...

BACKGROUND Traditionally, acupuncturists manipulate needles to enhance sensations referred to as de qi or 'acupuncture needle sensation'. Acupuncture needle sensations are complex and quantifying the experience has been difficult. The aim of this crossover study was to measure self-reported needle sensation during deep and bi-directional rotated needling in 15 healthy volunteers. METHODS Each...

With the rapid growth of large graphs, we cannot assume that graphs can still be fully loaded into memory, thus the disk-based graph operation is inevitable. In this paper, we take the shortest path discovery as an example to investigate the technique issues when leveraging existing infrastructure of relational database (RDB) in the graph data management. Based on the observation that a variety...

In this work we develop a visual place recognition system for omnidirectional panoramic images that makes use of their full 360 degree circumferential angle of view. The system builds on our previous variant of the sequence SLAM algorithm to include panoramic image rotation alignment for improved image similarity scoring, and bi-directional query and database sequence matching within a Hidden M...

This paper reports an integrated micro gas chromatography (μGC) architecture which utilizes a bi-directional micropump. Four integral components—the bi-directional Knudsen pump (KP2), a two-stage preconcentrator-focuser (PCF2), a separation column, and a gas detector—are integrated in a 4.3 cm3 stack, forming a serial flow path. All four components are fabricated using the same three-mask proce...

In this paper, we present the Bi-directional FMT∗(BFMT∗) algorithm for asymptotically-optimal, sampling-based path planning in cluttered, high-dimensional spaces. Specifically, BFMT∗ performs a twosource, lazy dynamic programming recursion over a set of randomlydrawn samples, correspondingly generating two search trees: one in costto-come space from the initial state and another in cost-to-go s...

Owing to limited bandwidth, how to reduce the control overhead of routing protocols is an important issue in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, an Efficient and Robust Location-Aided Route Protocol (ER_LAR) is proposed. The ER_LAR includes Sector-Broadcast Mechanism, Route Maintenance, and Bi-directional Route Repair. Sector-Broadcast Mechanism mainly reduces the communication overhead duri...

Deadlock-free routing algorithms have been developed recently without fully understanding the frequency and characteristics of deadlocks. Using a simulator capable of true deadlock detection, we measure a network’s susceptibility to deadlock due to various design parameters. The effects of bidirectionality, routing adaptivity, virtual channels, buffer size and node degree on deadlock formation ...