bootstrapping the dea is one of the current methods of measuring robust efficiency by constructing a confidence interval and measuring the noise (bias) in production. in this study, two estimators: the conventional data envelopment analysis (dea) and bootstrap simulation with 2,000 bootstrap iterations were applied on a cross sectional data of 296 broiler farms in peninsular malaysia. the objec...

while many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the international monetary fund (imf) and world health organization (who), uniquely the world bank in its 2015 world development report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. here, we describe the world bank’s study design, including experiments ...

aim: the purpose of this study was to compare the attention bias about tempting incentives related to opium materials in treated, addicted and normal people. duration of consumption and treating were also considered. method: in this causal-comparative study population was all addicted people who were referred to the rehabilitation offices, addiction treatment clinic, rebirthing centers and narc...

Many randomized controlled trials require participants to opt in. Such selfselection could introduce a potential bias, because only the most optimistic may participate. We revisit this prediction. We argue that in many situations, the experimental intervention is competing with alternative interventions participants could conduct themselves outside the experiment. Since participants have a chan...

Conventional wisdom suggests that CEO membership of the compensation committee is an open invitation to rent extraction by self-serving executives. However, using data from New Zealand – where CEO compensation committee membership is relatively common – we find that annual pay increments for CEOs with this apparent advantage averaged six percentage points less than those enjoyed by other CEOs d...

In Belgium, welfare agencies receive a subsidy to employ welfare recipients for a period sufficiently long to entitle them to unemployment benefits. This work experience program is called Social Employment (SE). We investigate the effect of SE on the exit rate from welfare. We propose a grouping/IV estimator of the SE effect that eliminates selection bias. The estimator is consistent, even if t...

Background Standardized selection of outcomes has been advocated to allow comparison and syntheses of clinical trials’ results in systematic reviews and to avoid outcome selection bias. As health outcomes in children are different from adults, the methodology behind selecting and measuring outcomes should be valid, responsive and feasible for pediatric research. Core Outcome Sets (COS) are a ne...

Methods Many studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of in-patient violence by use of standardized scales such as the SOAS-R. Much research on patient and environment characteristics has been compromised by methodological flaws such as sample selection bias. Epidemiological data on the use of coercive measures is scarcely available in most countries, and different ways of reporting rend...

This article uses the post-Katrina migration as an exogenous shock to test theories of racial threat while minimizing concerns about selection bias. Drawing in part on a new survey of 3,879 respondents, it demonstrates that despite the national concern about issues of race and poverty following Katrina, people in communities that took in evacuees became less supportive of spending to help the p...

Motivated by the empirical findings concerning the importance of one’s current situation on her choice behavior, the main objective of this paper is to propose a rational choice theory that allows for the presence of a status quo bias, and that incorporates the standard choice theory as a special case. We follow a revealed preference approach, and obtain two nested models of rational choice tha...