To successfully apply RNAi, the very first step is to design functional siRNA or shRNA sequences targeting specific genes. Many characteristics of functional synthetic siRNAs have been identified, but it remains questionable if these characteristics can be equally applied to the design of functional shRNAs. Our three-phase algorithm was developed based on the characteristics of functional siRNA...

A family CL of circuits of a matroid M is a linear class if, given a modular pair of circuits in CL, any circuit contained in the union of the pair is also in CL. The pair (M, CL) can be seen as a matroidal generalization of a biased graph. We introduce and study an OrlikSolomon type algebra determined by (M, CL). If CL is the set of all circuits of M this algebra is the Orlik-Solomon algebra o...

One-year-ahead forecasts by the OECD and by national institutes of GDP growth and inflation in 13 European countries are analysed. RMSE was large: 1.9 % for growth and 1.6 % for inflation. Six (11) OECD and 10 (7) institute growth forecast records were significantly better than an average growth forecast (the current year forecast). All full record-length inflation forecasts were significantly ...

An effective budgetary process requires accurate forecasts of future economic activity. Using data from Stability and Convergence Programmes the European Commission’s Spring Forecasts, evidence is presented here which indicates deficiencies in official forecasting EU arising under enhanced fiscal framework. Forecasts output growth are unduly pessimistic, irrational, influenced by recent The art...

Guidance of axons by molecular gradients is crucial for wiring up the developing nervous system. It often is assumed that the unique signature of such guidance is immediate and biased turning of the axon tip toward or away from the gradient. However, here we show that such turning is not required for guidance. Rather, by a combination of experimental and computational analyses, we demonstrate t...

the wild pistachio, pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica, is belonged to mountain of irano-turanian region, and distributed in northwest, northeast, center, east and south of iran. the sexual identification mechanism of this species is unknown and denotation of gender is impossible until flowering. in this study sex ratio of populations of this dioecious shrub was evaluated by several hypothesis co...

In this paper we estimate a model of the determinants of economic and social development that takes seriously three of the criticisms of panel data models in the existing growth literature: that long run coefficients are biased because the lagged dependent variable is not strictly exogenous; that they are biased because of slope coefficient heterogeneity; and that they are biased because of exp...