The earliest bioeroded inorganic hard substrates in the Ordovician of Estonia appear in the Dapingian. Hardgrounds are also known from the Sandbian and Katian. Most of the bioerosion of inorganic hard substrates occurs as the boring Trypanites Mägdefrau, 1932 along with some possible Gastrochaenolites borings. North American hardground borings are more diverse than those in Baltica. In contrast...

Bioerosion is the destruction of hard substrates resulting from biological activity, and plays a relevant role in ecological interactions coastal dynamics processes. Several organisms have evolved structures behaviors allowing them to perforate biotic abiotic surfaces, transforming surfaces into particles, contributing significantly sediment production marine environment. Due large geographical...

Mammal bioerosion is an emergent threat to the functionality of levees. In present paper, problem assessing failure probability levees affected by mammal addressed. A fully bivariate description peak flow discharge and flood duration combined with a deterministic unsteady seepage model obtain suitable variably disturbed levee response observed natural variability floods. Monte Carlo analysis al...

Bioerosion on inshore reefs is expected to increase with global climate change reducing reef stability and accretionary potential. Most studies investigating bioerosion have focused external grazers, such as parrotfish urchins, whose biomass more easily measured. Yet, cryptic endolithic bioeroders macroboring (worms, sponges bivalves) microboring taxa (fungus algae) the potential be dominant so...

Abstract Despite the economic and ecological importance of corals’ skeletal structure, as well their predicted vulnerability to future climate change, few studies have examined mechanical properties at nanoscale. As change is alter coral growth physiology, increase stress events (e.g., bioerosion, storm frequency), it crucial understand how with environmental conditions. Moreover, while materia...