to enhance the understanding of the impact of obstacle buildings on pollution transportationand dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer, it is necessary to know the atmospheric flow characteristics over terrains. wind flow characteristics in a boundary layer over a step-shaped cliff topography model with rough and smooth surfaces were studied numerically using computational fluid dynamics ...

Aspen and poplar trees are important horticultural plants grown in Canada for aesthetic, commercial woodlot windbreak applications. Bronze leaf is a destructive disease Populus spp. caused by the fungal pathogen Apioplagiostoma populi Barr. This often difficult to isolate confirm from infected plant tissues has been mainly identified symptoms morphological characteristics of A. when fruiting bo...

In order to protect fragile shoreline and coastal assets during extreme storms, a combined floating breakwater-windbreak has been proposed reduce both wind wave energies in the sheltered area. The 1 km-long breakwater porous hull with internal tubes allow free passage of water; thereby further dissipating energy. deck structure is designed have slope 25 degrees facing upstream side, arrays cyli...