There is a large body of literature regarding the choice and optimization of different processes for converting feedstock to bioethanol and bio-commodities; moreover, there has been some reasonable technological development in bioconversion methods over the past decade. However, the eventual cost and other important metrics relating to sustainability of biofuel production will be determined not...

With the advent of biorefinery technologies enabling plant biomass to be processed into biofuel, many researchers set out to study and improve candidate biomass crops. Many of these candidates are C4 grasses, characterized by a high productivity and resource use efficiency. In this review the potential of five C4 grasses as lignocellulosic feedstock for biofuel production is discussed. These in...

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provides in-depth information on various strategies and large-scale cultivation of algal biomass with updated state-of-art information and knowledge by the internationally recognized experts and subject peers in various areas of algal biofuels. Algae biofuel (Chisti, 2007) has been currently recognized as the alternative and clean energy source that attracted the interests of many researchers a...

today, due to the direct and reverse logistics plays an important role in reducing the costs in supply chain. in this paper, in order to provide a closed-loop supply chain network including supply centers, production, distribution, collection, recycling and disposal of a used linear mixed integer programming. this paper to consider multi-period and multi-product in multi-level supply chain and ...

Nowadays, there is an urgent necessity for breakthrough technologies able to reduce process complexity and lower costs make the biomass-based biodiesel supply chain competitive. This paper presents innovative methodology identification of secondary biomass potentials biofuel production. The methodology, divided into four steps, defines criteria that allow promising scenarios chains commercial a...

271 ISSN 1759-7269 10.4155/BFS.13.14 © 2013 Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC, contract manager for Idaho National Laboratory Global demands for energy, diminishing petroleum reserves and growing concerns about climate change have prompted considerable interest in lignocellulosic biomass as a sustainable and renewable energy source. Under the US Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, the RFS...

While biomass has been recognized as an important renewable energy source which has a range of positive impacts on the economy, environment, and society, the existence of feedstock seasonality and risk of service disruptions at collection facilities potentially compromises the efficiency and reliability of the energy supply system. In this paper, we consider reliable supply chain design for bio...