We compare the click-evoked compound action potentials from the exposed intracranial portion of the eighth nerve using bipolar and monopolar recording electrodes in patients undergoing vestibular nerve section. It is assumed that a bipolar recording electrode will only record propagated neural activity in the auditory nerve, whereas a monopolar recording electrode may in addition record electri...

Electrosurgery is the most commonly used and misunderstood technology by all surgical and medical disciplines. A lack of basic knowledge or ignorance of principles of electrosurgery and equipment among obstetricians and gynecologists is reported. As a result, thermal injuries during laparoscopic electrosurgery occur, which frequently lead to significant morbidity and mortality and medicolegal a...

Conventional bipolar EMG provides imprecise muscle activation estimates due to possibly heterogeneous activity within muscles and due to improper alignment of the electrodes with the muscle fibers. Principal component analysis (PCA), applied on multi-channel monopolar EMG yielded substantial improvements in muscle activation estimates in pennate muscles. We investigated the degree of heterogene...

Excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the CNS are distinguished by several features, including morphology, transmitter content, and synapse architecture [1]. Such distinctions are exemplified in the vertebrate retina. Retinal bipolar cells are polarized glutamatergic neurons receiving direct photoreceptor input, whereas amacrine cells are usually monopolar inhibitory interneurons with synapses a...

INTRODUCTION For decades, the monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate has been established as the minimally invasive surgical treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In recent years, new technologies and devices emerged to reduce the morbidity and improve outcomes for this treatment approach. Bipolar energy introduced the use of saline irrigation and laser tech...

abstract appendicitis after age 40 is unusual, and appendicitis two days after laparoscopic hysterectomy is very rare and has not been reported to date. we describe a 44-year-old woman who had abdominal pain two days after laparoscopic hysterectomy. the pathology report indicated early appendicitis and the pain disappeared after appendectomy. in our opinion, the cause of appendicitis may have b...

1 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil. 3 Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Londrina, PR, Brazil. ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the composition of the smoke produced by electrocautery use during surgery. Method: Integrative review with search for primar...