objective: to report the case of a 46-year old male with major depressive disorder, who represented manic symptoms, when olanzapine was added to his treatment. method: a 46-year old female, with a diagnosis of treatment resistant depression was referred to the authors. he had past history of depression for more than 20 years. the symptoms were present nearly every day since 1981, without any di...

In a cross–sectional study, we investigated the association of reported childhood stressful life events and bipolar spectrum disorders in an undergraduate sample. Specifically, we tested the harsh environment and stress generation explanations of the childhood stress and bipolar disorder relationship. The final sample included 155 bipolar spectrum participants and 155 demographically matched no...

BACKGROUND Previous research has examined the association of affective temperaments, as measured by the TEMPS-A, with DSM bipolar disorders. However, the relation of the TEMPS-A with risk for bipolar disorder remains unclear. The present study examined the association of affective temperaments with psychopathology, personality, and functioning in a nonclinically ascertained sample of young adul...

The frequency of bipolar II disorder (BD II) is higher than the 0.5% community prevalence reported in DSM-IV-TR (1): rates are 11% in the community (2,3) and 30% to 60% in outpatients suffering from depression (4,5). Diagnostic criteria for “bipolar spectrum disorder” (6) include major depressive episode (MDE), no spontaneous mania or hypomania, family history of BD, and (or) antidepressantindu...