Spatiotemporal information on bird migration is of invaluable use to scientists and society alike, but so far no sensor networks have been established that can monitor bird movement continuously over large areas. In aviation bird migration information is important for improving flight safety. Especially military low level flying has a high risk of en-route bird strikes and spatial bird migratio...

The demographics of bird watchers have recently become a topic of increased interest. Race or nationality is one demographic parameter that has been discussed in some depth. This paper further quantifies the relative prevalence of African Americans among U.S. bird watchers and identifies potential barriers that may prevent African Americans from becoming bird watchers. Two questionnaires (one f...

effect of ethanol consumption on fear response in human and conventional animal models (rodents) is controversial. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanol administration on fearfulness in poultry as an alternative animal model.being a reliable measure in avian species, tonic immobility was used to evaluate the fear response in 60 roosters orally administered with ethanol. d...

the determination of toxoplasma gondii prevalence in a variety of domestic birds is thought as a good indicator of distribution of t.gondii ooccyts in the environment. to verify the potential role of domestic birds in circulating toxoplasmosis in iran, the present study was conducted in mazandaran provinces, northern iran. latex agglutination test (la) antibodies were found in 25 of 58 free-ran...

Background and Aims: Influenza A virus subtype H9N2 have continued to circulate in domestic poultry farms in Asia since 1998. The virus circulates in live bird markets, missing link in epidemiology of avian influenza. Regarding previous studies on H9N2 viruses of Iran and having no data on this subject in Iranian live bird markets this study was conducted to analyze genetically hemagglutinin pr...

Where there is a birdstrike, there should have been a bird. Unfortunately, many reports on bird-strikes carefully recording type of aircraft and damage incurred are without reference to the bird. No bird remains had been collected or difficulties in getting these remains identified appeared unsurmountable. They are no longer. By a combination of macroscopical, microscopical and (in special case...

Integrative relations, which combine two independent concepts (e.g., ”lake” and ”bird”) into a compound representation (”lake bird”), induce lexical priming. For example, ”lake” speeds lexical decisions to ”bird” even though they are semantically dissimilar, lexically unassociated, and unfamiliar as a phrase. We report three experiments that investigate whether this integrative priming occurs p...

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fatal fungal pathogen of humans that efficiently parasitises macrophages. Birds can be colonised by cryptococci and can transmit cryptococcosis to humans via inhalation of inoculated bird excreta. However, colonisation of birds appears to occur in the absence of symptomatic infection. Here, using a pure population of primary bird macrophages, we demonstrate a mechan...

Filter strips are strips of herbaceous vegetation planted along agricultural field margins adjacent to streams or wetlands and are designed to intercept sediment, nutrients, and agrichemicals. Roughly 16,000 ha of filter strips have been established in Maryland through the United States Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. Filter strips often represent the only ...