In Difflugia corona, a free-living amoeboid cell, locomotion is hampered by a heavy shell or test made of sand grains and other debris. Locomotion involves pseudopod extension, attachment to the substratum, and forcible pseudopod retraction which pulls the shelled cell body forward. When observed through a polarizing microscope, the extending pseudopodia appear isotropic or very weakly birefrin...

A Monte Carlo model was used to analyze the propagation of polarized light in linearly birefringent turbid media, such as fibrous tissues. Linearly and circularly polarized light sources were used to demonstrate the change of polarizations in turbid media with different birefringent parameters. Videos of spatially distributed polarization states of light backscattered from or propagating in bir...

Caenorhabditis elegans gut granules are lysosome-related organelles with birefringent contents. mrp-4, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter homologous to mammalian multidrug resistance proteins, functions in the formation of gut granule birefringence. mrp-4(-) embryos show a delayed appearance of birefringent material in the gut granule but otherwise appear to form gut granul...

Directed migration by a cell is a good phenomenon for studying intracellular coordination. Dynamic organization of both ATP and birefringent fibrils throughout the cell was studied in the multinuclear ameboid cell of the Physarum plasmodium during free locomotion and galvanotaxis. In a directionally migrating plasmodium, waves of ATP as well as thickness oscillations propagated from just inside...

A general theory is used to describe the correlation properties of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in a birefringent, linear, dispersive medium such as optical fibers. The theory includes the effects of frequency dependence of birefringence on all orders, and it is capable of providing statistical information about secondand higher-order correlations among the polarization and PMD vectors. W...

The birefringence characteristics of reflection and transmission light pulse are explored in chiral medium driving by two probe electric magnetic fields, while four control fields. proposed shows significant behaviors reflection/transmission Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifted beams. birefringent GH-reflected GH-transmitted pulses show contribution the space time gap creation for secure communication inv...

The buildup dynamics of a homogeneously broadened continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser is experimentally investigated for the first time to our knowledge. The average output power of the laser exhibits relaxation oscillation behavior initially and approaches the steady-state value in -20 ,s. Concurrently, the longitudinal-mode spectrum evolves from a multicluster spectral distribution (tentatively...

We present the results of an information-theoretic analysis of an undersampled imaging system that contains a birefringent blur filter. We vary the spacing between replicas of the nonblurred point-spread function produced by the birefringent blur filter to find the value that yields the maximum information density. Comparison is made between this value and that yielded by a conventional qualita...

We realized what we believe is a new phase-shifting scatterplate interferometer by exploiting the polarization characteristics of a birefringent scatterplate. The common-path design of the interferometer reduces its sensitivity to environmental effects, and phase shifting allows quick and accurate quantitative measurements of the test surface. A major feature of the birefringent scatterplate ap...

Photon pair states and multiple-photon squeezed states have many applications in quantum information science. In this paper, Green functions are derived for spontaneous four-wave mixing in the low- and high-gain regimes. Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a strongly-birefringent medium generates signal and idler photons that are associated with only one pair of temporal (Schmidt) modes, for a wi...