Evidence suggests that exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollution during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of birth defects and other adverse birth outcomes. While current regulations put limits on total PM2.5 concentrations, there are many speciated pollutants within this size class that likely have distinct effects on perinatal health. However, due to correlations between...

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are a common cause of disability and mortality in newborns and their treatments involves high costs for the society. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies and their causes. Materials and methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical study and the population included all the newborns in hospitals of the city of Ilam i...

OBJECTIVES To investigate if live births conceived in months when surface water agrichemicals are highest are at greater risk for birth defects. METHODS Monthly concentrations during 1996-2002 of nitrates, atrazine and other pesticides were calculated using United States Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment data. Monthly United States birth defect rates were calculated for li...

introduction: congenital anomalies are a common cause of disability and mortality in newborns and their treatments involves high costs for the society. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies and their causes. materials and methods: this research was a descriptive-analytical study and the population included all the newborns in hospitals of the city of ilam in 201...

A major birth defect is an abnormality that can affect the structure or function of an organ. In the United States, major birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality and contribute substantially to childhood disability and morbidity. Globally, these conditions lead to the death of millions of infants and children annually. Patients with 1 or more affected family members may be at in...

BACKGROUND A paucity of epidemiologic research exists concerning the co-occurrence of birth defects and mental retardation (MR). Study of this co-occurrence may yield important clues about the causes of both. OBJECTIVE To examine the co-occurrence of birth defects and MR, taking into consideration the type of birth defect, level of MR, co-occurrence of MR with other developmental disabilities...

CONTEXT Epilepsy during pregnancy is a therapeutic challenge. Since the 1990s, the number of licensed antiepileptic drugs has substantially increased, but safety data on first-trimester use of newer-generation antiepileptic drugs and birth defects are limited. OBJECTIVE To study the association between fetal exposure to newer-generation antiepileptic drugs during the first trimester of pregna...

BACKGROUND Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a highly prevalent fetal congenital heart defect, which can become spontaneously closed during infancy. The current study aims to characterize fetal VSDs that were subsequently spontaneously closed in the first 2 years of life in eastern China. METHODS Between January 2011 and December 2013, 257 fetal patients diagnosed with isolated VSD by fetal ...

BACKGROUND Birth defects, which are the major cause of infant mortality and a leading cause of disability, refer to "Any anomaly, functional or structural, that presents in infancy or later in life and is caused by events preceding birth, whether inherited, or acquired (ICBDMS)". However, the risk factors associated with heredity and/or environment are very difficult to filter out accurately. T...